Jonathan Joseph @jonjojojon@qoto.org

A minus sign can make a huge difference. Einstein discovered that the difference between space and time is all due to a minus sign.

Another amazing fact is that the difference between 'matter particles' (or more precisely fermions, like electrons, quarks, etc.) and 'force particles' (bosons, like photons, gluons, etc.) is mainly due to the fact that when you switch two fermions their quantum state gets multiplied by -1, while when you switch two bosons it get multiplied by 1.

This was discovered by Pauli, who realized that there must be some reason why the electrons in atoms go into 'shells' - why all the electrons in a big atom like iron don't all go to the same lowest-energy state. The reason is that if two electrons were in the same state, switching them would do nothing but also multiply that state by -1: a contradiction. This rule, that fermions can't be in the same state, is called the Pauli exclusion principle.

Bose and Einstein realized that on the contrary, bosons actually like to be in the same lowest energy state at low temperatures! This is called Bose-Einstein condensation. Similarly, a laser beam has many photons in the same state.

Later people realized that if we replace vector spaces (like the Hilbert space of quantum states of some system) by super vector spaces, where every vector is a sum of a bosonic and fermionic part, we can impose a rule saying that switching two fermionic vectors should always introduce an extra minus sign.

It turns out that this rule is not arbitrary - it's mathematically very natural and it's lurking around all over in mathematics, even in contexts that superficially have nothing to do with bosons or fermions!

In this week's episode(https://embedded.fm/transcripts/447), we talked about ESP chips among other things. Here's an interesting excerpt:

CG (28:46):
The H2 is one of their new 802.15.4 chips. So that can run Thread and ZigBee, and they're getting big into Matter. And, that is, I believe RISC-V. And I think all of them have kind of a low-power RISC-V part as well.
CW (29:07):
It's funny, because I keep seeing ESP parts being taped onto low-power parts as the Wi-Fi.
CG (29:15):
Yeah.

...

Hello Fediverse!

Wikipedia :wikipedia: is a multilingual free online encyclopedia written and maintained by a community of volunteers, known as Wikipedians, through open collaboration and using a wiki-based editing system called MediaWiki -- at least that's what our Wikipedia article says (https://w.wiki/W).

#Introduction #FreeCulture #FreeContent #OpenKnowledge #wiki #CreativeCommons

how floats are printed

Some thoughts to flesh out later, based on my attempts to make sense of some other researchers' work:

1. Working on probabilistic computations for statistical problems (e.g. Bayesian inference), it is often useful to have access to MAP estimates, for e.g. initialisation of other algorithms, even if you do not yourself care for point estimates statistically.

2. In situations where additional information is valuable (i.e. an idea of scale, and not just location), fitting parametric approximations via minimisation of the Kullback-Leibler divergence can be a nice way to systematically extract some extra information.

3. Even when optimisation algorithms for fitting such approximations are written in terms of variational parameters, they can often be connected back to conventional optimisation algorithms for point estimation by framing them in the mean parametrisation.

4. By way of tempering, etc., many algorithms for fitting such approximations can even recover classical optimisation algorithms directly, in appropriate limits. Working in the mean parametrisation tends to elucidate this analogy.

5. Working backwards, it is often possible to 'decorate' classical optimisation algorithms at mild additional cost so that their output is not just a point estimate, but a posterior approximation as well.

One perspective: estimation algorithms needn't be great distribution estimation algorithms, but they're often not too far off.

A safety check: one shouldn't generally expect distribution estimation algorithms to out-perform point estimation algorithms for { point estimation / optimisation }. Still, they can provide some extra intuition and context.

#sptodos

Check out my new (in-progress) book designed to teach literally *anyone* the basics of programming with Python.

https://leanpub.com/Python_for_All

Currently $7.99 during pre-release!

ol boy charging $42K/mo to sell my tweets (along with everyone else’s) doesn’t sit right in my spirit, so i went ahead and deleted the app from my phone today. mastodon isn’t quite there yet for my purposes (Black twitter has largely stayed on twitter and that energy is sorely lacking here), but it’ll have to do for now.

After a lot of thought, I have decided not to learn or change anything, because that would be hard

Anecdotally I've heard people say they're surprised by how many job applications never get *any* response, not even a rejection.

Seems this is part of why: companies are posting fake job openings to mislead investors, employees, and competitors.

https://www.wsj.com/articles/that-plum-job-listing-may-just-be-a-ghost-3aafc794?mod=mhp

(via @ jamieson on twitter)

Last night, the Oxide Friends joined @bcantrill and me to tackle the topic: Does a GPT future need software engineers?

Spoiler: yes! and there's a lot of optimism about the ways GPT can be additive in particular to creative endeavors.

Thanks to @jmc, @ag_dubs, Keith Adams, and everyone who participated or joined us live!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Ff99Ir78NI

WHY WHY WHY WHY WHY WHY WHY WHY WHY WHY WHY WHY WHY WHY WHY WHY???????????

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-65026522

Amazing how quick a lab bench turns into a total disaster when you're in the thick of debugging something!

But I think I've figured out my problem finally. Maybe.

The old a16z/Clubhouse playbook of force feeding users content from the app’s billionaire owner until u alienate the entire user base https://www.platformer.news/p/yes-elon-musk-created-a-special-system #twitter #elonmusk #twittermigration

“Any people who can make dashboards and write software please can you help solve this problem. This is high urgency. If you are willing to help out please thumbs up this post.”

😂 😂 😂 🤣 🤣 🤣 😎

IMO, relative to comments, religiously putting information in bug reports is underrated.

One company I worked for did this and it was fairly easy to see why any piece of code was the way it was because you could look up the history in bug reports.

There was no concern about comments getting out of date because you knew the exact date each comment was made and, for some reason, it seems easier to create a culture of filing tickets for changes than one of always updating the associated comment.

Didn't know this specific reasoning for the term 'splines' in regression, but it makes a lot of sense!

#statistics

If you are following the Bolsonaro coup attempt in Brazil, you may need Bellingcat's auto archiver for preserving evidence right now:
https://github.com/bellingcat/auto-archiver