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DATE: April 29, 2025 at 01:30PM
SOURCE: SOCIALPSYCHOLOGY.ORG

TITLE: Ultraprocessed Foods Linked to Rising Premature Deaths Worldwide

URL: socialpsychology.org/client/re

Source: Google News - Health

A new study across eight countries shows that higher consumption of ultraprocessed foods is significantly linked to increased premature deaths. Researchers found that each 10% rise in consumption of these foods raises the risk of death by 3%. Countries with the highest intake of ultraprocessed foods, like the U.S., see up to 14% of premature deaths attributed to these foods, suggesting an urgent need for less processed diets to protect public...

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Psychology News Robot

DATE: April 29, 2025 at 02:00PM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG

** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
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TITLE: Surprising link found between marriage and dementia

URL: psypost.org/surprising-link-fo

Would you believe me if I told you that staying single or ending your marriage could lower your odds of getting dementia? A new study led by researchers at Florida State University somewhat shockingly suggests that unmarried people are less likely to develop dementia.

If you think you’ve heard the opposite, you are correct. A 2019 study from America found that unmarried people had “significantly higher odds of developing dementia over the study period than their married counterparts”.

Indeed, married people are generally thought to have better health. Studies have shown that they are at reduced risk of having heart disease and stroke and they tend to live longer. So why did the new study come up with this surprising finding? Let’s take a closer look.

The researchers analysed data from more than 24,000 Americans without dementia at the start of the study. Participants were tracked for up to 18 years. Crucially, the team compared dementia rates across marital groups: married, divorced, widowed and never-married.

At first, it looked as though all three unmarried groups had a reduced risk of dementia compared with the married group. But, after accounting for other factors that could influence the results such as smoking and depression, only divorced and never-married people had a lower risk of dementia.

Differences were also seen depending on the type of dementia. For example, being unmarried was consistently linked with a lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease, the most common form of dementia. But it was not shown for vascular dementia – a rarer form of the condition.

The researchers also found that divorced or never-married people were less likely to progress from mild cognitive impairment to dementia and that people who became widowed during the study had a lower risk of dementia.

Possible explanations

One reason for the unexpected results? Married people might be diagnosed earlier because they have spouses who notice memory problems and push for a doctor’s visit. This could make dementia look more common in married people – even if it’s not.

This is called ascertainment bias — when data is skewed because of who gets diagnosed or noticed more easily. However, the evidence of this was not strong. All participants had annual visits from a doctor, who could be thought of as a proxy partner who would spot early signs of dementia in the participant.

Perhaps it was the case that the sample of people used, from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) study, was not representative of the wider population. Specifically, the sample showed low levels of ethnic and income diversity. Also, nearly 64% of the participants were married. This may affect how these unexpected findings translate to the wider world. They could just have been unique to NACC participants.

However, it is more likely that these findings highlight just how complex the effects of marital disruptions, transitions and choices on brain health really are. Being married is by no means an established protective factor for dementia, with an earlier meta-analysis (a study of studies) showing mixed results.

The new study from Florida State University uses one of the biggest samples to date to examine this issue, and carries a good deal of weight. It highlights that assumptions based on previous research that widowhood and divorce are very stressful life events that can trigger Alzheimer’s disease or that unmarried people are socially isolated and therefore may be at higher risk of dementia, may not always be correct.

Relationship dynamics are by no means straightforward. As mentioned in the paper, such dynamics may “provide a more nuanced understanding than a simple binary effect”. Factors such as marriage quality, levels of satisfaction after divorce, cultural considerations, or the sociability of single people compared with coupled ones may help explain these seemingly contradictory results.

This study challenges the idea that marriage is automatically good for brain health. Instead, it suggests the effect of relationships on dementia is far more complex. What matters might not be your relationship status but how supported, connected and fulfilled you feel.

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

URL: psypost.org/surprising-link-fo

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Surprising link found between marriage and dementia

Marriage has long been seen as protective for health,…

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Psychology News Robot

DATE: April 28, 2025 at 10:17PM
SOURCE: SCIENCE DAILY MIND-BRAIN FEED

TITLE: Using humor in communication helps scientists connect, build trust

URL: sciencedaily.com/releases/2025

Scientists aren't comedians, but it turns out a joke or two can go a long way. That's according to a new study that found when researchers use humor in their communication -- particularly online -- audiences are more likely to find them trustworthy and credible.

URL: sciencedaily.com/releases/2025

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Today in labor history April 29, 1894: Jacob Coxey led a group of 500 unemployed workers from the Midwest to Washington, D.C. They demanded federal jobs for the poor. The authorities promptly arrested Coxey and many of his followers for trespassing on Capitol grounds.

The Return of Coxey's Army (By Eddie Starr)
When they busted all the unions,
You can't make no living wage.
And this working poor arrangement,
Gonna turn to public rage.
And then get ready . . .
We're gonna bring back Coxey's Army
And take his message to the street.

The financial panic of 1893 caused one of the worst depressions the country had ever seen. The depression lasted five years and caused unemployment to reach 18%. Banks failed and currency supplies dried up after Congress repealed the Sherman Silver Purchase Act. Coxey owned a sand quarry and was personally wealthy. But he was outraged at the government’s lack of response to the poverty he saw around him. So, he organized a march on Washington, to demand jobs for the poor.

#workingclass #LaborHistory #poverty #unemployment #depression #wages #march #washington #coxeysarmy #banks

Psychology News Robot

DATE: April 28, 2025 at 10:09PM
SOURCE: SCIENCE DAILY MIND-BRAIN FEED

TITLE: Personality traits shape our prosocial behavior

URL: sciencedaily.com/releases/2025

Why do some people do more for the community than others? A new study now shows that personality traits such as extraversion and agreeableness correlate with volunteering and charitable giving.

URL: sciencedaily.com/releases/2025

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Psychology News Robot

DATE: April 28, 2025 at 10:04PM
SOURCE: SCIENCE DAILY PSYCHOLOGY FEED

TITLE: Brain decoder controls spinal cord stimulation

URL: sciencedaily.com/releases/2025

A lab develops brain wave decoder that may help in spinal cord injury rehabilitation.

URL: sciencedaily.com/releases/2025

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Brain decoder controls spinal cord stimulation

A lab develops brain wave decoder that may help in…

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Psychology News Robot

DATE: April 28, 2025 at 10:04PM
SOURCE: SCIENCE DAILY MIND-BRAIN FEED

TITLE: Brain decoder controls spinal cord stimulation

URL: sciencedaily.com/releases/2025

A lab develops brain wave decoder that may help in spinal cord injury rehabilitation.

URL: sciencedaily.com/releases/2025

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Psychology News Robot

DATE: April 29, 2025 at 12:00PM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG

** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
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TITLE: Abortion laws after Dobbs decision may accelerate ideological migration in the United States

URL: psypost.org/abortion-laws-afte

New research published in Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology suggests that state-level abortion policies may influence Americans’ sense of belonging and willingness to relocate. Following the Supreme Court’s decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, which shifted abortion regulation to the states, people living in states expected to adopt policies contrary to their beliefs reported a lower sense of belonging and a greater desire to move to states aligned with their values.

The study was conducted to explore whether the changing legal landscape after the Dobbs decision could intensify “ideological migration,” where people relocate to places that better match their political and moral views. Prior work has shown that Americans often sort themselves geographically along political lines, but whether specific legal changes, such as abortion restrictions or protections, could accelerate this trend had not been well studied.

“I’ve been investigating political polarization and how people’s responses to contentious elections and issues vary based on where they live and who they interact with. After the Dobbs v. Jackson decision, I wanted to understand how such a major shift in abortion policy might influence Americans’ decisions to move to states that better align with their moral beliefs and what this could mean for the future of political and social division in the country,” said study author John C. Blanchar, an assistant professor and director of the Social and Political Psychology Lab at the University of Minnesota Duluth.

The researchers surveyed 743 American adults two weeks after the Dobbs decision. Participants were drawn from a larger longitudinal study on political behavior and completed an online questionnaire about their abortion attitudes, sense of belonging in their state, expectations about state abortion policies, and intentions to migrate. Participants included both pro-life and pro-choice advocates, with most living across 49 U.S. states.

Participants first indicated their stance on abortion and then assessed how closely they believed their abortion views matched those of others in their state. They also predicted how restrictive or permissive their state’s abortion laws would become. The study measured participants’ sense of belonging through questions about how welcomed and at home they felt in their state. Finally, participants reported whether they would like to move to another state and whether they were seriously considering relocation in light of the changing abortion laws.

The researchers used multilevel modeling to analyze the data, taking into account that individuals were clustered within states. This approach allowed the team to examine both individual differences and broader state-level patterns.

Results showed that people who expected their state’s abortion policies to conflict with their own beliefs reported feeling less at home. Pro-choice advocates living in states anticipated to pass restrictive abortion laws, and pro-life advocates in states expected to adopt more permissive laws, both reported lower feelings of belonging.

Participants were not just expressing general dissatisfaction. Those who reported lower belonging because of anticipated abortion policies were also more likely to say they were seriously considering moving to a state where abortion laws would align with their personal views. Mediation analyses indicated that a diminished sense of belonging played a central role: ideological mismatch lowered belonging, which in turn fueled migration intentions.

“A key takeaway from our study is that the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Dobbs v. Jackson may lead to increased domestic migration as individuals seek to live in states whose abortion policies align with their personal beliefs,” Blanchar told PsyPost. “People who feel their state’s policies are in conflict with their views on abortion are more likely to consider moving, which could contribute to greater political division and regional homogeneity over time. This trend highlights how deeply moralized issues like abortion can drive migration patterns, potentially reshaping the nation’s political landscape.”

Both individual-level perceptions and broader state-level trends mattered. At the individual level, people who felt personally out of step with the ideological climate of their state reported stronger intentions to migrate. At the state level, living in a generally pro-life or pro-choice state that conflicted with one’s beliefs heightened these feelings.

The study found these patterns across both sides of the abortion debate, and among both men and women. Whether someone identified as pro-life or pro-choice, the greater the perceived mismatch between personal values and anticipated state policy, the stronger the motivation to consider moving.

“We were initially surprised that pro-life advocates and men were just as motivated to consider relocating as pro-choice advocates and women,” Blanchar said. “That symmetry suggests it’s not just about access to abortion, but about wanting to live in a place that reflects one’s moral values—a pattern we’ve seen repeated in follow-up studies.”

There were some limitations to the study. Participants were not evenly distributed across states, and smaller states had fewer respondents. Although the researchers accounted for this in their analyses, future studies with larger and more balanced samples could provide greater precision. The study also relied on self-reported attitudes and intentions rather than observing actual migration patterns over time.

Although the study provides strong evidence for the link between abortion policies and migration intentions, it does not show that people actually moved. Expressed desires do not always translate into behavior, as real-world decisions to relocate are often influenced by factors like family ties, job opportunities, and financial considerations.

“Not everyone who’s dissatisfied with their state’s abortion laws will move, at least not right away,” Blanchar explained. “But over time, these patterns are likely to shape where people are willing to live, potentially influencing broader migration trends and reinforcing political divides.”

The study, “Is Abortion Policy the Next Catalyst for Ideological Migration? Dobbs v. Jackson and Migration Intentions Across the United States,” was authored by John C. Blanchar and Catherine J. Norris.

URL: psypost.org/abortion-laws-afte

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Psychology News Robot

DATE: April 29, 2025 at 10:00AM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG

** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
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TITLE: Friendships across gender and race linked to greater kindness in children, study finds

URL: psypost.org/friendships-across

A new study published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin suggests that elementary school children with friends from different gender or racial backgrounds are more likely to act kindly toward peers who differ from them—sometimes even across group lines. The findings highlight the powerful role that cross-group friendships can play in shaping prosocial behavior during a formative developmental period.

Although previous research has often focused on reducing overt prejudice, less attention has been paid to how children express positive behaviors, like helping, toward outgroup members. The authors of the new study were especially interested in whether having friends from one outgroup (e.g., a different gender) might also encourage helping behavior toward members of another outgroup (e.g., a different racial status)—a phenomenon known as the “secondary transfer effect.”

“I was the ‘new’ kid during elementary school, middle school, and high school, and felt like an outsider in accounting during college. I experienced it again when I became a school teacher, and later when I transitioned to psychology in graduate school in the United States. These experiences drove my interests in kindness and inclusion among various individuals who are similar and different from each other,” said study author Sonya Xinyue Xiao, an assistant professor at Northern Arizona University.

The study involved 603 students from public schools in the southwestern United States. Children ranged in age from 7 to 11 years old, with a nearly even split between girls and boys. Just over half of the sample came from racially minoritized backgrounds. Peer relationships were assessed twice during the school year—once in the fall and again in the spring. Students nominated classmates they considered best friends and those they believed were helpful to them. These nominations were used to create measures of intergroup friendships and prosocial behavior directed toward peers who differed by gender or racial status.

The researchers first examined the “primary effects” of intergroup contact. Children who had more friends of a different gender were more likely to be nominated as helpful by other-gender classmates several months later. This effect remained even after accounting for children’s earlier prosocial behavior and their number of same-gender friends. Similarly, children with more friends of a different racial status were more likely to be viewed as helpful by classmates from different racial backgrounds over time.

These findings provide evidence that friendships across group lines can support more inclusive prosocial behavior. Interestingly, the benefits of having different-gender friends were not limited to gender-based kindness. Children with more other-gender friends were also more likely to be nominated as helpful by peers of a different racial status—suggesting that intergroup friendships in one domain can positively influence behavior in another. This is what the researchers refer to as the “secondary transfer effect.”

“Overall, our findings showed relatively strong support for the benefits of friendships with other-gender peers (i.e., boys with girls; girls with boys) in children’s prosocial behavior toward various peers (i.e., both other-gender peers and peers who differ in racial status) over one semester’s time,” Xiao told PsyPost. “This is likely due to the importance and salience of gender in children’s lives.”

When the researchers flipped the analysis—looking to see if interracial friendships led to greater kindness toward peers of another gender—they found more limited evidence. While children with friends of a different racial status were initially more likely to show prosocial behavior toward other-gender peers, this effect disappeared when accounting for how many other-gender friends the children already had. In other words, the secondary transfer effect was stronger when it originated from gender-based friendships, rather than race-based ones.

The study also explored whether these effects varied by the child’s own gender or racial status. Contrary to some expectations, the benefits of cross-gender and cross-racial friendships for prosocial behavior appeared to apply broadly across groups. One exception was that the transfer effect from interracial friendships to intergender prosocial behavior was more apparent among racially minoritized children than among White children. However, this pattern did not hold when more stringent statistical controls were applied.

“It was surprising that for BIPOC students, but not White students, having more friends who are of different racial status benefited children’s prosocial behavior toward other-gender peers over time,” Xiao explained. “However, this finding was mainly driven by who the friends are—a person who is different in racial status may be similar to the participating child in their gender, for example. This might be why when we also considered children’s other-gender friendships in the analyses, we no longer observed such relations.”

The researchers acknowledged limitations in the study’s sample and design. The children were from a specific region of the United States, and the study grouped together all minoritized racial identities, which may obscure important differences among children from distinct racial and ethnic backgrounds. Moreover, while peer nominations offer a useful snapshot of children’s social dynamics, they cannot always capture the depth or quality of a friendship.

Despite these limitations, the study points to promising directions for future research and intervention. The authors note that middle to late childhood is a period when children’s social attitudes are still forming and may be more open to change.

“I plan to examine the developmental predictors (e.g., parents, friends) of youth’s prosocial behavior toward various individuals around them,” Xiao said. “I am also interested in understanding the benefits of such prosocial behavior—in addition to benefiting others. My long-term goals are to generate applied solutions to promote such kindness and, more broadly, youth’s psychosocial well-being.”

The study, “A Longitudinal Examination of Children’s Friendships Across Racial Status and Gender and Their Intergroup Prosocial Behavior,” was authored by Sonya Xinyue Xiao, Haining Ren, May Ling Halim, Carol Lynn Martin, Dawn DeLay, Richard A. Fabes, Laura D. Hanish, and Krista Oswalt.

URL: psypost.org/friendships-across

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TRIGGER WARNING: Military Psychology

DATE: April 29, 2025 at 09:57AM
SOURCE: THE CENTER FOR DEPLOYMENT PSYCHOLOGY

Direct article link at end of text block below.

CDP Presents webinar series is thrilled to host Frontline Resilience - The Role of Units in Countering Acute Stress on May 13 12 - 1:30 ET in Zoom. Don’t miss it! t.co/6ndACBBKDQ
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CDP Presents: Frontline Resilience - The Role of Units in Countering Acute Stress, Online via Zoom 13 May 2025 | Center for Deployment Psychology

CDP Presents: Frontline Resilience - The Role of Units…

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Good News/Positive Science Bot

DATE: April 29, 2025 at 09:00AM
SOURCE: GOODNEWSNETWORK.ORG

TITLE: After 50 Years, Trout Population Is Restored to Historic Numbers in One of the Largest Lakes in US

URL: goodnewsnetwork.org/after-50-y

Through a combination of invasive species control and stocking with captive-raised fish, it’s now believed that a self-sustaining and harvestable population of lake trout has returned to Lake Champlain. Following this historic success, a decision has been made to suspend the stocking of the lake, believing wild-born, wild-grown trout will be able to survive and […]

The post After 50 Years, Trout Population Is Restored to Historic Numbers in One of the Largest Lakes in US appeared first on Good News Network.

URL: goodnewsnetwork.org/after-50-y

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DATE: April 29, 2025 at 08:30AM
SOURCE: DIGITALHEALTH.NET

TITLE: Accurx and Tandem Health roll out AI scribing tool across the NHS

URL: digitalhealth.net/2025/04/accu

Accurx and Tandem Health have launched a tool that transcribes, summarises and codes patient consultations into a trust’s clinical record. 

URL: digitalhealth.net/2025/04/accu

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DATE: April 29, 2025 at 08:00AM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG

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-------------------------------------------------

TITLE: AI model predicts adult ADHD using virtual reality and eye movement data

URL: psypost.org/ai-model-predicts-

A new study published in Translational Psychiatry suggests that combining virtual reality, eye tracking, head movement data, and self-reported symptoms may help identify attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults with improved accuracy. In a diagnostic task designed to mimic real-world distractions, researchers found that their machine learning model could distinguish adults with ADHD from those without the condition 81% of the time when tested on an independent sample.

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. While it is often diagnosed in childhood, it also affects millions of adults. Diagnosing the disorder in adults can be especially difficult because it typically relies on clinical interviews and retrospective self-reports. These methods are prone to error due to biased memory or intentional misreporting. Unlike some medical conditions, there are no established biomarkers or lab tests that can confirm an ADHD diagnosis. As a result, misdiagnosis remains a serious problem.

To address these challenges, the research team aimed to improve diagnostic accuracy by using a multimodal assessment approach that mirrors the real-world experience of people with ADHD. They combined performance on a sustained attention task with eye tracking, head motion measurements, electroencephalography (EEG), and real-time self-reports. Participants completed the task in a simulated seminar room using virtual reality, where distractions like noise or movement were introduced to mimic everyday interruptions.

“ADHD is a complex and heterogeneous disorder and, to date, no cognitive tests or (bio)markers exist that can accurately and reliably detect it. Nonetheless, such objective measures would significantly facilitate the diagnostic process,” said co-first author Benjamin Selaskowski, who is affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy at the University Hospital Bonn.

“Preliminary evidence suggests combining multiple assessment modalities may improve diagnostic accuracy. Further, there is evidence that virtual reality (VR) can improve the diagnostic accuracy of cognitive tests in ADHD by providing a realistic, ecologically valid test environment.”

“Therefore, in the present study we aimed to investigate whether integrating a VR-based cognitive test with tracking of head and eye movements, assessment of brain activity (via EEG), and real-time self-assessment of symptoms during the task could yield high accuracy in distinguishing adults with and without ADHD.”

The study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the researchers collected training data from 50 adults—25 with ADHD and 25 without. In the second, they tested the predictive accuracy of their model on a separate group of 36 participants—18 with ADHD and 18 without. This step was critical to ensure the model could generalize beyond the group it was trained on. Each participant wore a VR headset and completed a continuous performance task (CPT), which required them to press a button in response to certain letter sequences while ignoring distractors. Their responses, head and eye movements, brain activity, and symptom self-ratings were recorded during the task.

The machine learning model was trained to identify patterns across these different types of data that were most predictive of ADHD. To ensure that the model focused on the most informative features, the researchers used a statistical method known as maximal relevance and minimal redundancy (MRMR), which selects variables that are both strongly related to the diagnosis and relatively uncorrelated with each other. Out of 76 total features, the optimal model used only 11 to achieve the highest performance.

These features came from four of the five data sources: self-reported symptoms, eye tracking, task performance, and head movement. Among the most important predictors were how much a participant’s gaze wandered, how variable their reaction times were, and how much they moved their head during the task. Self-reported ratings of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity also played a key role, although the researchers caution that self-assessments have known limitations in people with ADHD.

When applied to the independent test set, the model achieved an overall accuracy of 81%, with a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 83%. This means it correctly identified 78% of ADHD cases and 83% of non-ADHD cases. These numbers are similar to those found in earlier machine learning studies of ADHD, but with a key difference: most prior research did not test their models on separate, independent data. This step is essential to avoid overestimating how well a model will perform in real-world settings.

“This study shows that combining multiple types of information can effectively help identify adults with ADHD,” explained co-first author Annika Wiebe. “Based on data from a group of adults with and without ADHD, we identified performance in a virtual attention task, eye movements, head motion, and self-reported symptoms during the VR scenario as most relevant for distinguishing individuals with ADHD. These findings highlight the potential of using a multi-method assessment to improve the accuracy and objectivity of ADHD diagnosis in adults.”

The use of a virtual reality setting was especially important. Traditional attention tests are often done in quiet, sterile lab environments, which do not reflect the noisy, distracting situations in which people with ADHD often struggle. By placing participants in a more realistic environment and introducing distractions, the researchers were able to capture behaviors that may not emerge in standard tests. This approach increases what’s known as ecological validity—the extent to which a test resembles real-life situations.

The study also sheds light on the relative value of different data sources. While EEG is often considered a promising avenue for identifying biomarkers of mental health conditions, it did not improve classification accuracy in this case.

“We found it interesting that our investigated EEG parameters did not contribute to the predictive accuracy of our model,” Selaskowski told PsyPost. “Despite EEG’s common use in ADHD research, our results suggest that other measures such as eye tracking, head movement, and self-reported symptoms during VR tasks are more informative for distinguishing ADHD in adults.”

Despite its promising findings, the study does have limitations. The sample size was relatively small, with only 86 participants across both the training and test sets. This limits the generalizability of the results, although the use of a separate validation sample does strengthen the conclusions. “Further research with larger and more diverse populations is necessary to validate and refine this diagnostic approach,” Wiebe said.

“We aim to develop a standardized, efficient, and ecologically valid diagnostic tool for adult ADHD that can be easily implemented in clinical settings,” Selaskowski explained. “By refining our VR-based assessment and validating it across larger and more diverse populations, we hope to enhance the accuracy and reliability of ADHD diagnoses and potentially apply this approach to other neurodevelopmental disorders. With our multi-method approach, we hope to be able to capture a more comprehensive picture of an individual’s cognitive and behavioral functioning, leading to more accurate and personalized diagnoses.”

“Our findings highlight the importance of integrating multiple assessment modalities when diagnosing complex conditions such as ADHD,” Wiebe added. “Importantly, unlike most previous machine learning research in ADHD, our study validated the predictive model on an independent test dataset, which strengthens the reliability and potential clinical relevance of our findings.”

The study, “Virtual reality-assisted prediction of adult ADHD based on eye tracking, EEG, actigraphy and behavioral indices: a machine learning analysis of independent training and test samples,” was authored by Annika Wiebe, Benjamin Selaskowski, Martha Paskin, Laura Asché, Julian Pakos, Behrem Aslan, Silke Lux, Alexandra Philipsen, and Niclas Braun.

URL: psypost.org/ai-model-predicts-

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