#innateimmunity

New study! Learning about inflammation by studying the differences between mammals – a toot-orial.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s10020-024-01052-x

When the body meets an infectious microbe or similar challenge it activates an inflammatory cascade. Inflammation helps eliminate the microbe, but, if it gets of control, it can be dangerous or even fatal.

We like to assume that inflammation is basically the same for all animals. And this is usually true in cell culture, but in vivo …

#Inflammation #InnateImmunity

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'Our data indicate that BCG vaccination impacts both the gene expression and epigenetic profiles of HSPCs for at least 90 days and that these changes are predictive of corresponding functional changes in donor-matched PBMCs challenged with Candida albicans.'
#Immunology #InnateImmunity
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1074761324003704?dgcid=coauthor

'Thus, here we asked whether B. bassiana could damage the Drosophila brain via Toll-1, Wek and Sarm. We show that exposure to B. bassiana reduced fly lifespan and impaired locomotion. B. bassiana entered the brain and induced the up-regulation of AMPs, as well as wek and sarm, within the brain. Exposure to B. bassiana caused neuronal and glial loss in the adult Drosophilabrain. Importantly, RNAi knockdown of Toll-1, wek or sarm concomitantly with infection prevented B. bassiana induced cell loss.'
#Immunology #InnateImmunity
#Preprint
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.29.591341v1

'Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) is a critical component of the innate immune system, playing an essential role in defending against DNA virus infections. However, the mechanisms governing basal STING regulation remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that the basal level of STING is critically maintained by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1)α through transcription.'
#Immunology #InnateImmunity
https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article-abstract/doi/10.4049/jimmunol.2400123/266986/HIF-1-Transcriptionally-Regulates-Basal-Expression?redirectedFrom=fulltext

'Here we studied the endogenous TLR pathways in human and mouse macrophages. We provide evidence that myddosomes are dynamic and long-lived entities, numbering in the dozens within individual cells. We demonstrate that the complex cellular responses of the entire TLR pathway are coordinated and executed from within these structures.'
#Immunology #InnateImmunity
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07614-7

'Distinct patterns emerge when comparing sustained and transient infections. Transiently infected participants have a robust type of antiviral defence response termed a type I interferon (IFN-I) response in the nasal mucosal tissue shortly after viral exposure (day 1 after infection), potentially contributing to viral removal. By contrast, participants who had sustained infection showed delayed (only starting on day 5 after infection) mucosal IFN-I responses, as well as delays in immune-cell infiltration into the nasopharynx, indicating an impaired innate antiviral response at the site of initial viral inoculation and replication.'
#Covid #Covid19 #Immunology #Virology #InnateImmunity

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-01644-x

'Here we examine the contribution of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling on IFNλ-mediated antiviral activity. We find that extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5), a poorly characterized member of the conventional MAPK family, potentiates the antiviral efficacy of IFNλ.'
#Preprint #Immunology #InnateImmunity #Interferon

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.21.595218v1

@chfloudas @cyrilpedia @gpollara certainly worth the time! #nkcell #cancer_research #immunology #innateimmunity

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-022-00846-2

Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004223011719

Impact of peripheral mitochondrial DNA level on immune response after COVID-19 vaccination

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9474411/
Common mitochondrial haplogroups as modifiers of the onset-age for critical COVID-19

#COVID19 #LongCovid #mitochondria #mtDNA #Haplogroup #InnateImmuneMemory #InnateImmunity

"In the present study, we show that adult Drosophila melanogaster fed high-sugar diets became more susceptible to infection by the Gram-negative bacteria Providencia rettgeri and Serratia marcescens, although diet had no significant effect on infection by Gram-positive bacteria Enterococcus faecalis or Lactococcus lactis."
#Preprint #Immunity #Metabolism #InnateImmunity #Drosophila

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.07.570705v2

Your immune system has two branches that help you fight infection! Learn how these two branches help keep you healthy, and other information about how your immune system works, at immunologyexplained.org.

#ImmunologyExplained #Immunology #ImmuneSystem #InnateImmunity

"Human cells express TRIM5α that restricts HIV-1. HIV-1 M evolved to escape this restriction by binding cyclophilin A (CYPA) to the viral core. Our data indicate that nonpandemic HIV-1s are sensitive to human TRIM5α."
#HIV #immunology #InnateImmunity

https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2306374120

#innateimmunity in action: #immunotherapy against #breastcancer with TLR3 ligand and interferon alpha. Only six patients in this #trial , but biopsy analyses show improved #inmuneinfiltration with #TILs and is linked to clinical observations. #interferon #cytokines #macrophages @chfloudas
https://jitc.bmj.com/content/11/11/e007381

Interleukin-1 is involved in #inflammation but the role in #cancer is not so clear...and here is a new insight for #pancreaticcancer : a loop between tumour cells and interleukin-1β-expressing #tumor associated #macrophages is supporting the tumor, this being brought on by a synergy between prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF), also opening the door for translational interventions #immunotherapy #innateimmunity #Immunology @cyrilpedia @gpollara

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06685-2

Now I cant stop singing "more than a spike gene" to the tune of the BeeGees (protein didnt fit the meter).

'We assessed the role of ORF6 during infection using recombinant viruses carrying a deletion or loss-of-function (LoF) mutation in ORF6. ORF6 plays key roles in interferon antagonism and viral pathogenesis by interfering with nuclear import and specifically the translocation of IRF and STAT transcription factors.'
#Covid #Covid19 #SarsCov2 #Interferon #Virology #Immunology #InnateImmunity

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1931312823003281

'In this study, we identified that PRMT3 catalyzes asymmetric arginine dimethylation of RIG-I, MDA5, and cGAS, leading to the inhibition of their activation. As a result, knockdown of Prmt3 in mice can protect mice against both RNA and DNA virus infection.'
#immunology #InnateImmunity

https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2214956120

'In this review, we introduce the contribution of numerical changes and functional reprogramming within innate (NK cells, dendritic cells) and adaptive (T cells, B cells) immune cells on the chronic immune dysregulation in the septic murine and human host.'

#immunology #Sepsis #InnateImmunity #inflammation

https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article-abstract/211/5/711/265842/The-Calm-after-the-Storm-Implications-of-Sepsis?redirectedFrom=fulltext

'The elucidation of the lipid metabolic pathways that promote innate immune memory contributes to our understanding of trained immunity and may help identify therapeutic tools and targets for the modulation of innate immune responses.'
#immunology #InnateImmunity #Preprint

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.22.554295v1

'Together, these results demonstrate that host cGAS–STING senses T. cruzi infection, enhancing parasite growth at the site of entry, and contributes to acute-phase parasite restriction in the heart, a major site of tissue damage in chronic T. cruzi infection.'
#immunology #InnateImmunity #HostPathogen

https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article-abstract/doi/10.4049/jimmunol.2300373/265860/cGAS-STING-Pathway-Activation-during-Trypanosoma?redirectedFrom=fulltext

The preclinical work on CD47, which binds SIRPα to deliver a 'don't eat me signal', was very compelling. But as a druggable target it's had a bumpy ride in clinical development.

'Pfizer executives were bullish during a second quarter earnings call Thursday that its two CD47 meds would not face the same setbacks seen from rivals Gilead and others. As a result, the New York pharma is staying the course.'
(HT Michael Tomasson)
#Immunology #immunotherapy #InnateImmunity

https://www.fiercebiotech.com/biotech/pfizer-undeterred-cd47-plans-competitors-face-pitfalls