#mycology

Gymnopus alkalivirens

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Gymnopus_alkalivirens.html

Ecology: Saprobic; growing alone, scattered, gregariously, or in clusters on soil, leaf and needle litter, woody debris, and among mosses or ferns; found in hardwood, conifer, and mixed forests; summer and fall; apparently widely distributed in northern North America, the Appalachians, and the Rocky Mountains.

Cap: 1-4.5 cm; convex, becoming broadly convex or nearly flat, with a low central bump; greasy; bald; sometimes becoming somewhat wrinkled; dark brown to dark purplish brown, developing a pale margin and eventually fading to cinnamon or buff overall; the margin sometimes becoming lined.

Gills: Attached to the stem or nearly free from it; close; medium brown to pale brownish.

Stem: 3-8 cm long; up to about 5 mm thick; more or less equal, or with a slightly swollen base; dry; bald; colored like the cap; with brownish fuzz near the base.

Flesh: Whitish to brownish; thin.

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: Ammonia or KOH promptly green on all surfaces.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores: 5-8 x 2.5-4 ; smooth; lacrymoid to elliptical; inamyloid. Pleurocystidia absent. Cheilocystidia scattered; cylindric to subclavate; sometimes somewhat lobed or with projections; to about 70 long. Pileipellis a cutis of branched elements 3-5 wide; greenish in KOH; sometimes encrusted with brown pigment. Hyphae of the gill, cap, and stem trama encrusted with scattered brown granules.

#mushrooms #fungi #mycology #shrooms #mushtodon #sporespondence #floraspondence

Phellodon alboniger

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Phellodon_alboniger.html

Ecology: Mycorrhizal with conifers (especially eastern white pine and eastern hemlock); sometimes reported under hardwoods; growing alone or gregariously; summer and fall; widely distributed in eastern North America.

Cap: Single or fused with other caps; 3-9 cm wide; convex, becoming planoconvex or nearly flat; velvety; whitish to pale gray, becoming gray with a whitish to bluish margin.

Undersurface: Running down the stem; covered with crowded spines that are 2-4 mm long; whitish at first, becoming gray.

Stem: 4-6.5 cm long; 1-4 cm thick at apex; extremely variable in shape; smooth or finely velvety; colored like the cap.

Flesh: Two-layered, with a whitish to pale grayish, spongy upper layer and a hard, black to bluish black lower layer.

Odor and Taste: Odor mild or, more commonly, fragrant (reminiscent of curry or maple syrup), becoming stronger when dried; taste mild.

Chemical Reactions: KOH on flesh bluish to greenish, then brown to black.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 3.5-5 x 3-4.5 ; globose to subglobose; echinulate with spines about .5 long. Clamp connections absent.

REFERENCES: (Peck, 1898) Banker, 1906. (http://194.203.77.76/librifungorum/Image.asp?ItemID=87&ImageFileName=SyllogeFungorum14-201.jpg" TARGET="new 1899; Coker & Beers, 1951; Smith, Smith & Weber, 1981; Baird, 1986; Baird & Khan, 1986.) Herb. Kuo 09130410

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<IMG SRC="images/kuo4/phellodon_alboniger_02_thumb.jpg" WIDTH="198" HEIGHT="149" BORDER="0" ALT="Phellodon alboniger">

<IMG SRC="images/kuo4/phellodon_alboniger_01_thumb.jpg" WIDTH="198" HEIGHT="159" BORDER="0" ALT="Phellodon alboniger">

<IMG SRC="images/kuo4/phellodon_alboniger_03_thumb.jpg" WIDTH="198" HEIGHT="163" BORDER="0" ALT="Phellodon alboniger">

#mushrooms #fungi #mycology #shrooms #mushtodon #sporespondence #floraspondence

Fomes fomentarius

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Fomes_fomentarius.html

Ecology: Parasitic and saprobic on the wood of hardwoods (especially birches and beech); causing a white rot; growing alone or gregariously; perennial; fairly widely distributed in northern and north-temperate North America

Cap: Up to about 20 cm across; shell-shaped to hoof-shaped; with a dull, woody upper surface that is zoned with gray and brownish gray.

Pore Surface: Brownish; 2-5 round pores per mm; tube layers indistinct, brown, becoming stuffed with whitish material.

Stem: Absent.

Flesh: Brownish; thin; hard.

Microscopic Features: Spores 12-20 x 4-7 ; cylindric; inamyloid; smooth. Hyphal system trimitic.

#mushrooms #fungi #mycology #shrooms #mushtodon #sporespondence #floraspondence

Clavariadelphus lignicola

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Clavariadelphus_lignicola.html

Ecology: Probably saprobic; associated with Engelmann Spruce; growing gregariously in large troops, sometimes in clusters--or merely scattered; currently recorded only from spruce-fir elevations in the Four Corners region (however, the range of Engelmann Spruce extends to the Pacific Northwest, and specimens from this area may have been labeled Clavariadelphus ligula); late summer and fall.

Fruiting Body: 1-3 cm high; about .5 cm wide; narrowly club shaped; surface finely dusted or more or less smooth, becoming wrinkled with age; at first pale yellowish or cream colored, darkening somewhat with age; not bruising; the base attached to copious white mycelium that binds needle duff or woody debris and is often aggregated into tiny whitish strands; flesh whitish, soft.

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: Surface negative in KOH; greenish with iron salts.

Spore Print: Pale (precise color not recorded--by me or in the literature).

Microscopic Features: Spores 16-21 x 5-7 ; long-elliptical (reminiscent of bolete spores); smooth.

#mushrooms #fungi #mycology #shrooms #mushtodon #sporespondence #floraspondence

Gymnopus spongiosus

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Gymnopus_spongiosus.html

Ecology: Saprobic; growing alone, scattered, gregariously, or in clusters on forest litter under hardwoods (especially oaks) or conifers; summer and fall (or over winter on the Gulf Coast); widely distributed east of the Great Plains.

Cap: 1-3.5 cm; convex with a central bump and an incurved margin when young, becoming broadly convex or flat; dry or greasy; bald; sometimes becoming slightly wrinkled with age; reddish brown when young and fresh, quickly fading to pinkish tan or pinkish buff.

Gills: Attached to the stem or nearly free from it; close; creamy.

Stem: 2-6 cm long; up to about 4 mm thick at the apex; more or less equal, with an enlarged, spongy bottom portion; dry; densely hairy with reddish brown hairs from the base nearly to the apex; pale above, reddish brown below.

Flesh: Whitish; thin.

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: Ammonia or KOH promptly olive, green, or black on cap and stem surfaces.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores: 6-8.5 x 3.5-4 ; smooth; lacrymoid to elliptical; inamyloid. Pleurocystidia absent. Cheilocystidia often difficult to differentiate, but when present cylindric, subclavate, irregular, lobed or knobbed; up to about 50 long. Pileipellis a tangled cutis of cylindric elements 3.5-10 wide, not encrusted but with yellowish brown internal pigment in KOH. Hyphae of the stem not encrusted with dark brown material.

#mushrooms #fungi #mycology #shrooms #mushtodon #sporespondence #floraspondence

Boletus pseudosensibilis

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Boletus_pseudosensibilis.html

Ecology: Mycorrhizal with oaks, and possibly with other hardwoods; growing scattered, or gregariously; summer and fall; widely distributed in eastern North America. The illustrated and described collections are from Illinois.

Cap: 4-16 cm; convex, becoming broadly convex; dry; finely velvety when young but soon bald; red to reddish brown or pinkish brown (most commonly reddish brown), fading to pinkish tan; when young sometimes bruising grayish where rubbed; the margin at first tucked under.

Pore Surface: Bright yellow when young, maturing to dirty orangish olive; when very young not bruising, or bruising only faintly, but soon bruising promptly blue, then slowly brown; with 1-2 circular to angular pores per mm at maturity; tubes shallow, 4-8 mm deep (rarely to 10 mm deep, in very large caps).

Stem: 6-10 cm long; 1-2.5 cm thick; usually tapered at the base; dry; solid; bald; yellow overall, with reddish tinges developing in the bottom half; bruising light blue where handled (then, over time, slowly brownish); not reticulate; basal mycelium pale to dark yellow, or sometimes whitish.

Flesh: Yellow in the cap; deep yellow or sometimes reddish in the stem; staining blue on exposure--sometimes faintly and erratically (staining usually more pronounced on older specimens).

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: Ammonia flashing purplish blue to blue-green, then resolving to negative, grayish, or orangish on cap surface; negative on flesh. KOH reddish to dull orange or negative on cap surface; orangish on flesh. Iron salts grayish on cap; grayish or negative on flesh.

Spore Print: Dull olive brown.

Microscopic Features: Spores 9-12.5 x 3.5-4.5 ; subfusoid; smooth; orangish brown to golden in KOH; brownish in Melzer's. Hymenial cystidia fusoid-ventricose; 20-35 x 5-10 ; hyaline or with orangish contents in KOH. Pileipellis a collapsing trichoderm of elements 5-12.5 (-15) wide, smooth, hyaline to ochraceous or golden in KOH; at first with primarily tubular terminal cells, but by maturity developing many subterminal and terminal cells that are septate at short intervals, with terminal cell tubular or obnapiform.

#mushrooms #fungi #mycology #shrooms #mushtodon #sporespondence #floraspondence

Globifomes graveolens

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Globifomes_graveolens.html

Ecology: Saprobic and possibly parasitic; appearing on deadwood and from the wounds of living hardwoods (primarily oaks); causing a white rot; annual, or perennial for a few years; summer and fall&mdash;or year-round in warmer climates; originally described from Georgia; widely distributed in North America east of the Rocky Mountains. The illustrated and described collection is from Ohio.

Fruiting Body: 10-23 cm high; 8-16 cm across; 6-10 cm deep; a mass of tightly packed, overlapping individual caps arising from a central core.

Individual caps: 1-5 cm across; semicircular to fan-shaped; planoconvex to flat; often drooping; bald or finely fuzzy; dry; with vague concentric zones of color; reddish brown to brown, becoming dull brownish gray with age.

Pore Surface: Grayish, becoming brownish to brown; not bruising; pores round and small (2-4 per mm), with thick dissepiments; tubes 2-4 mm deep.

Flesh: Granular in the central core; tough and fibrous in the caps; pale to dark brown; unchanging when sliced.

Odor: Not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: KOH slowly black on flesh of dried specimens.

Microscopic Features: Spores not found; reported (Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1987) as 10-14 x 3-4 m; cylindric; smooth; hyaline in KOH; inamyloid. Basidia 4-sterigmate. Hymenial cystidia not found. Setae not found. Hyphal system trimitic: generative hyphae 3-5 m wide, smooth, thin-walled, hyaline in KOH, with clamp connections; skeletal hyphae 4-6.5 m wide, smooth, thick-walled, brown in KOH; binding hyphae 5-10 wide, very thick-walled, aseptate. Sclerids abundant in granular core context; thick-walled; reddish brown in KOH.

#mushrooms #fungi #mycology #shrooms #mushtodon #sporespondence #floraspondence

Suillus pseudobrevipes

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Suillus_pseudobrevipes.html

Ecology: Mycorrhizal with hard pines (those with needles in bundles of 2 or 3), especially lodgepole pine; growing alone, scattered, or gregariously; summer and fall; originally described from Idaho (Thiers & Smith 1964); distributed throughout western North America, in the natural range of lodgepole pine. The illustrated and described collections are from Colorado.

Cap: 5-12 cm; convex becoming broadly convex; slimy when fresh; bald; brownish yellow to yellow-brown, fading to tan; the margin with white veil remnants.

Pore Surface: Pale yellow, becoming darker yellow; not bruising; with 2-3 circular to angular pores per mm; tubes to about 1 cm deep; surface not boletinoid.

Stem: 2.5-6 cm long; 1.5-2.5 cm thick; tapering slightly to apex; whitish to pale yellowish above; whitish to brownish yellow below; sometimes bruising brownish; glandular dots usually tiny and concolorous with stem surface (nearly invisible without a hand lens) when young, sometimes becoming brownish to brown as the mushroom matures; often with a fibrillose, whitish ring, but sometimes with merely a whitish sheathing over the base, or without any visible veil remnants; basal mycelium white.

Flesh: White, or yellow above the tubes and in the stem; not staining when sliced.

Odor and Taste: Odor slightly fragrant; taste not distinctive.

Spore Print: Cinnamon brown.

Microscopic Features: Spores 6-9 x 2-2.5 m; boletoid-fusiform; smooth;hyaline to yellowish in KOH. Basidia 17-23 x 3-5 m; clavate; 4-sterigmate. Cystidia in bundles; 28-45 x 4-8 m; cylindric to clavate or subfusiform; smooth; thin-walled; hyaline to brown in KOH; often obscured by brown pigment globules. Pileipellis an ixocutis; elements 2-5 m wide, smooth, hyaline to brownish in KOH.

#mushrooms #fungi #mycology #shrooms #mushtodon #sporespondence #floraspondence

K2-18b...
Does it have fungi-like life?
I would love to have a chance to explore it...
#mycology #fungi #Mushroom #spacex
#science #nature #spase

#NewSpecies!
A newly discovered fungus from #china for #FungiFriday:

Mycena hongfengensis

Treatment: https://treatment.plazi.org/id/14E4D78C-D4A0-59D4-83D8-18071AFBDBD8
Publication: https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.115.144137
#MycoKeys #MycenaHongfengensis

#FAIRdata
#science #OA #openaccess #biology #taxonomy #ecology #biodiversity #nature #wildlife #conservation #fungi #mushrooms #mycology

Hypomyces chrysospermus

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Hypomyces_chrysospermus.html

Ecology: Parasitic on various species of boletes; summer and fall, or over winter in warm climates; originally described from France (Tulasne & Tulasne 1860); widely distributed in Eurasia and in North America; also recorded in Central America and Oceania. The illustrated and described collections are from Illinois and Ohio.

Fruiting Body: A mold-like covering that spreads across the bolete, eventually covering it entirely; white and tissue-like at first, becoming powdery and golden yellow, and, eventually, crustlike and brown to reddish brown.

Microscopic Features: Aleuriospores 16-22 m including ornamentation; globose; echinate with spines about 1 m long; thick-walled; golden yellow in KOH. Conidia 11-20 x 4-8 m; ellipsoid or irregularly ellipsoid; smooth; hyaline in KOH. Subicular hyphae 2-5 m wide, septate, smooth, hyaline in KOH.

#mushrooms #fungi #mycology #shrooms #mushtodon #sporespondence #floraspondence

Such a beautiful mushroom, I wish I could be able to name it and recognize it

#MushroomMonday #mushrooms #mycology #forest #mycologymonday #naturephotography

#NewSpecies!
A newly discovered fungus from #china for #FungiFriday:

Clavaria orientalis

Treatment: https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C72319-8183-55D9-8A84-7886304EEAF3
Publication: https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.115.145774
#MycoKeys #ClavariaOrientalis

#FAIRdata
#science #OA #openaccess #biology #taxonomy #ecology #biodiversity #nature #wildlife #conservation #fungi #mushrooms #mycology

My greatest aspiration is to one day become as intelligent as slime mold

#mycology #learning #goalsetting

Urnula craterium

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Urnula_craterium.html

Ecology: Saprobic on sticks and small logs (often buried) of hardwoods; growing alone, scattered, or in dense clusters; spring; widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains. The illustrated and described collections are from Illinois, Virginia, and Qu&#233;bec.

Fruiting Body: 5-9 cm high; 3-9 cm across; at first shaped like a deep cup or an urn with a vaguely defined stem portion; often expanding to goblet-shaped or cup-shaped with age.

Fertile (upper, or inner) surface: Dark brown to gray or nearly black; smooth and bald.

Sterile (lower, or outer) surface: Brown to gray or nearly black; bald, roughened, or scaly; often becoming finely cracked with age&mdash;or with pigments breaking up to form chevron-like or nearly reticulate patterns; the margin becoming lacerated and tattered.

Pseudostem: Poorly defined at apex; 3-6 cm high; 0.5-1.5 cm wide; tapering to base; black; fuzzy toward the base.

Flesh: White; tough; unchanging when sliced.

Odor: Not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: KOH on fertile surface greenish black.

Microscopic Features: Spores 21-35 x 9-13 m; ellipsoid to elongated-ellipsoid; smooth; hyaline in KOH. Asci 8-spored; 150-300 x 10-15 m; cylindric; hyaline in KOH. Paraphyses 125-325 x 2-4 m; filiform with rounded, subacute, or subclavate apices; smooth; septate; either hyaline, solitary, and projecting beyond the asci&mdash;or with agglutinated brown apices, bundled, and not projecting. Excipular surface elements cylindric; 2.5-6 m wide; septate; walls black to dark brown in KOH; smooth or a little encrusted; occasionally branching and/or developing lobes or nodules.

#mushrooms #fungi #mycology #shrooms #mushtodon #sporespondence #floraspondence

Lentaria micheneri

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Lentaria_micheneri.html

Ecology: Uncertain; possibly mycorrhizal, but with a growth pattern and copious, spreading mycelium suggestive of a saprobe; growing in leaf litter or needle duff; appearing alone or scattered; summer and fall; possibly widely distributed in eastern North America (precise range uncertain since it is probably often identified as Lentaria byssiseda).

Fruiting Body: 2-4 cm high; 1-2.5 cm wide; base well developed; branching repeatedly.

Branches: Vertically oriented; tightly packed; smooth or very finely velvety in patches; very pale orange, becoming orangish buff to yellowish or pale tan; tips colored like the branches, often sharp and forked.

Base: Fairly well developed; white below; colored like the branches above; attached to copious white mycelium.

Flesh: Whitish; tough.

Odor and Taste: Odor not distinctive; taste bitter.

Spore Print: White.

Chemical Reactions: Iron salts green on branches.

Microscopic Features: Spores 8-9 x 3-4 ; stretched-elliptical; smooth. Clamp connections present. Thick-walled hyphae present.

#mushrooms #fungi #mycology #shrooms #mushtodon #sporespondence #floraspondence

Russula dissimulans

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Russula_dissimulans.html

Ecology: Mycorrhizal with hardwoods or conifers; growing alone, scattered, or gregariously; summer and fall (and over winter in warm climates); widely distributed in North America.

Cap: 5-20 cm; broadly convex when young, later flat with a central depression, or shallowly vase-shaped; dry; more or less smooth, but with a waxy feel; initially whitish but soon discoloring to brownish, ashy gray, or brown (eventually almost black); the margin not lined; the skin not peeling easily.

Gills: Attached or running very slightly down the stem; thick; distant or nearly so; white to cream; bruising and discoloring slowly reddish, then grayish to blackish.

Stem: 3-8 cm long; 1-4 cm thick; whitish at first, but soon darkening like the cap; bruising reddish, then blackish over the course of as much as half an hour; fairly smooth.

Flesh: White; hard; bruising promptly or slowly reddish on exposure, then blackish over the course of as much as half an hour or more.

Odor and Taste: Odor slightly fragrant, somewhat unpleasant, or not distinctive; taste mild, slightly acrid, or acrid.

Chemical Reactions: KOH on cap surface negative. Iron salts on stem surface negative to weakly grayish.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 6-11 x 6-9 ; widely elliptical to subglobose; with ornamentation under 1 high, connectors forming partially to completely reticulate areas. Pileipellis <NOBR>20-150 </NOBR> thick; cutis-like, with horizontal elements, tightly interwoven; in KOH "with globules of brown
pigment giving them the appearance of transparent intestines" (Roberts, 2008); not embedded in a gelatinous matrix; pileocystidia absent.

#mushrooms #fungi #mycology #shrooms #mushtodon #sporespondence #floraspondence