You may already know that #python 3.11 has been released, claiming 10%-60% performance improvements. How did they achieve this? Optimizations around stack frame allocations and a new specializing adaptive interpreter, which detects type stability in executing Python code. This allows it to make specialized fast path operations that are much faster than their generic counterparts. Read more in the release notes: https://docs.python.org/3.11/whatsnew/3.11.html#whatsnew311-faster-cpython