Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) telescopes are in Spain and Chile and are composed by 120 telescopes! They are used to observe stuff both inside and outside our galaxy with higher precision

If you are interested in what CTA can do in detail you can check the paper of:
Science with the Cherenkov Telescope Array in arxiv (just Google '' arxiv 1709.07997 '')

Once data is gathered researches can study many things. For example the materials that form galaxies, how they were made and how they will evolve

Another thing that astro physicists do is to study galaxy evolution using simulations. With this they can study different hypothetical scenarios where dark matter enters the scenario.