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门地高的贵族爱好文学,寒士则学习经学。大概是因为经学比较固定,只要有经书就能学习,而文学需要不断追随新潮流,在印刷术尚未普及时,寒士很难获得参考书。且贵族子弟恐怕没有研读枯燥章句的耐心,而寒门子弟似乎天生富有韧性。因此修文学者举秀才,与此相对,习经学者察孝廉,二者之间产生了阶级性差别,朝廷上也反映出重秀才轻孝廉的倾向。于是经学遂为寒士之业,孝廉与经学,连同以经学为专业的博士官都受到轻蔑。

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