Mihai Rissdorfer @mihair@qoto.org

Steviol glycosides (SGs) in Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) leaves are important due to their high sweetness and low calorific value. The yield of SGs is dependent on fertilization regimes, but the relationship between nitrogen (N) administration and SGs synthesis is still unclear. In this study, we investigate the effects of N rates on SGs production through hydroponic and plot experiments. The SGs yield was not significantly changed by N fertilization, but leaf SGs concentrations were significantly reduced due to the "dilution effect". Additionally, N addition decreased leaf carbon (C)/N ratio and soluble sugar concentration, accompanied with the inhibited phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and L-phenylalanine ammonia_lyase activities. A significant positive correlation between leaf SGs concentrations, C/N ratio and soluble sugar concentration was observed. Overall, we suggest that N-driven Stevia growth negatively affects SGs concentrations. The leaf C/N ratio and soluble sugar changes indicated the occurrence of metabolic reprogramming.
#Stevia #kombucha #ikombucha_ro #ikombucha
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31195254/

Plant growth and secondary metabolism are commonly regulated by external cues such as light, temperature and water availability. In this study, the influences of low and high temperatures, dehydration, photoperiods, and different growing stages on the changes of steviol glycosides (SGs) contents and transcription levels of fifteen genes involved in SGs biosynthesis of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni were examined using HPLC and RT-PCR. The observations showed that the transcript levels of all the fifteen genes were maximum under 25 °C treatment, and the transcription of SrDXS, SrDXR, SrMCT, SrCMK, SrMDS, SrHDS, SrHDR, SrIDI, SrGGDPS, SrCPPS1, SrUGT85C2 and SrUGT76G1 were restrained both in low temperature (15 °C) and high temperature (35 °C). Most genes in SGs biosynthesis pathway exhibited down-regulation in dehydration. To elucidate the effect of photoperiods, the plants were treated by different simulated photoperiods (8 L/16 D, 1 0L/14 D, 14 L/10 D and 16 L/8 D), but no significant transcription changes were observed. In the study of growing stages, there were evident changes of SGs contents, and the transcript levels of all the fifteen genes were minimal in fast growing period, and exhibited evident increase both in flower-bud appearing stage and flowering stage. The obtained results strongly suggest that the effect of environmental cues on steviol glycosides contents and transcription of corresponding biosynthetic genes in S. rebaudiana is significant. It is worth to study deeply.
#Stevia #kombucha #ikombucha_ro #ikombucha
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25500454/

The essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation from the flowering twigs of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Asteraceae) was fractioned by chromatography. Forty-three constituents were characterized with the help of GC, GC-MS and other spectroscopic techniques. The essential oil was found to be a complex mixture of mono- and sesqui-terpenes. The cytotoxicity of the essential oil and its fractions was evaluated by sulforhodamine B (SRB) based assay against two cancer cell types viz. C-6 (rat glioma cells) and CHOK1 (Chinese hamster ovary cells). The essential oil and its fractions showed promising cytotoxicity against both cell lines. The highest activity (95.6+/-0.6%) was show by the essential oil on the C-6 cell line at a concentration of 400 microg/mL, which was comparable with that of the standard drug vinblastin.
#Stevia #kombucha #ikombucha_ro #ikombucha
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25026731/

Stevia, a zero-calorie sugar substitute, is recognized as safe by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). In vitro and in vivo studies showed that stevia has antiglycemic action and antioxidant effects in adipose tissue and the vascular wall, reduces blood pressure levels and hepatic steatosis, stabilizes the atherosclerotic plaque, and ameliorates liver and kidney damage. The metabolism of steviol glycosides is dependent upon gut microbiota, which breaks down glycosides into steviol that can be absorbed by the host. In this review, we elucidated the effects of stevia's consumption on the host's gut microbiota. Due to the lack of randomized clinical trials in humans, we included in vitro using certain microbial strains and in vivo in laboratory animal studies. Results indicated that stevia consumption has a potential benefit on the microbiome's alpha diversity. Alterations in the colonic microenvironment may depend on the amount and frequency of stevia intake, as well as on the simultaneous consumption of other dietary components. The anti-inflammatory properties of stevioside were confirmed in vitro by decreasing TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 synthesis and inhibiting of NF-κB transcription factor, and in vivo by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK in laboratory animals.
#Stevia #kombucha #ikombucha_ro #ikombucha
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35456796/

Steviol glycosides (SGs) in Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) leaves are important due to their high sweetness and low calorific value. The yield of SGs is dependent on fertilization regimes, but the relationship between nitrogen (N) administration and SGs synthesis is still unclear. In this study, we investigate the effects of N rates on SGs production through hydroponic and plot experiments. The SGs yield was not significantly changed by N fertilization, but leaf SGs concentrations were significantly reduced due to the "dilution effect". Additionally, N addition decreased leaf carbon (C)/N ratio and soluble sugar concentration, accompanied with the inhibited phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and L-phenylalanine ammonia_lyase activities. A significant positive correlation between leaf SGs concentrations, C/N ratio and soluble sugar concentration was observed. Overall, we suggest that N-driven Stevia growth negatively affects SGs concentrations. The leaf C/N ratio and soluble sugar changes indicated the occurrence of metabolic reprogramming.
#Stevia #kombucha #ikombucha_ro #ikombucha
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31195254/

Plant growth and secondary metabolism are commonly regulated by external cues such as light, temperature and water availability. In this study, the influences of low and high temperatures, dehydration, photoperiods, and different growing stages on the changes of steviol glycosides (SGs) contents and transcription levels of fifteen genes involved in SGs biosynthesis of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni were examined using HPLC and RT-PCR. The observations showed that the transcript levels of all the fifteen genes were maximum under 25 °C treatment, and the transcription of SrDXS, SrDXR, SrMCT, SrCMK, SrMDS, SrHDS, SrHDR, SrIDI, SrGGDPS, SrCPPS1, SrUGT85C2 and SrUGT76G1 were restrained both in low temperature (15 °C) and high temperature (35 °C). Most genes in SGs biosynthesis pathway exhibited down-regulation in dehydration. To elucidate the effect of photoperiods, the plants were treated by different simulated photoperiods (8 L/16 D, 1 0L/14 D, 14 L/10 D and 16 L/8 D), but no significant transcription changes were observed. In the study of growing stages, there were evident changes of SGs contents, and the transcript levels of all the fifteen genes were minimal in fast growing period, and exhibited evident increase both in flower-bud appearing stage and flowering stage. The obtained results strongly suggest that the effect of environmental cues on steviol glycosides contents and transcription of corresponding biosynthetic genes in S. rebaudiana is significant. It is worth to study deeply.
#Stevia #kombucha #ikombucha_ro #ikombucha
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25500454/

Are plants not the stars of the Earth?
Plants meditate all the time. Because they simply give up on themselves and accept the sun's rays and raindrops. Contemplate the rainbow. I feel the joy of the wind and the feelings that the Earth sends. - Arjun Das
Plants are part of the Plantae Kingdom. The kingdoms, in turn, were divided into smaller and smaller units as: branch, Class, Order, family, genus, species. In addition to these, in some cases, intermediate systematic units, such as sub-branch, superclass, etc.the name of plant species, like the name of other species of organisms, is made using binary nomenclature.
Mainly plants are divided into two broad categories – simple plants without flowers, and flowering plants.
Plants without flowers
The simplest plants without flowers are algae. Almost all species of algae live in water, but there are also a few that can survive in damp places, for example, the pleurococcus alga, which grows like a greenish powder on the shady trunks of trees. Most of the plants that live in the waters of the seas and oceans are algae, as are some of those in fresh waters, such as Frog silk. Algae do not have true roots, stem and leaves, although they may have segments that resemble stems and leaves. They absorb water and mineral salts through the entire surface of the body.
Some plants reproduce by spores-very small, dust-like grains, from which new plants develop. Conifers, also called gymnosperms, reproduce by seeds. They form inside hard structures, formed by scales, called cones. Firs, spruces, pines, Larches and cypresses are conifers.
All coniferous species are trees or shrubs. Most of them have long narrow leaves (needles) that do not fall off in autumn.
Flowering plants
Flowering plants are known as angiosperms. Flowers are parts of the plant specialized for reproduction. They produce seeds, which, when hit under favorable conditions, sprout and form a new plant. Flowering plants are the dominant group of plants everywhere on Earth, except for algae in the seas and oceans and coniferous forests in cold areas of the globe. Among the flowering plants are all species of grasses, Reed, rushes, garden flowers and wildflowers, along with most trees and shrubs (except conifers). There are 260,000 different species of flowering plants, compared to 550 species of conifers, 11,000 Ferns, 23,000 mosses and about 12,000 species of algae.
Tuberoses are flowers with impressive beauty and fragrance, which makes them one of the most popular decorative flowers in the world. In addition, these flowers are also known for their beneficial properties for health.
Tuberoses are a rich source of important nutrients for health. They contain a multitude of vitamins, minerals and antioxidants, which help maintain and improve our health. Among the benefits of eating tuberose are: improving digestion, reducing inflammation, regulating blood sugar levels, strengthening the immune system and reducing the risk of heart disease. Also, tuberoses are a good source of fiber, which makes them beneficial for maintaining the health of the intestinal tract.
In conclusion, regular consumption of tuberose can bring numerous benefits to our health and can be successfully included in our daily diet.
Gene expression is the process in which a plant's DNA code is translated into instructions for biological processes such as growth. Our plants, including tuberoses kept in an environment without sunlight, responded to sound waves. At 125Hz and 250Hz sounds rbcS and Ald genes are created, which are known for responding to light, while more active sound waves at 50Hz made these genes less active.
So wherever we are our flowers are a friend that we can visit at any time. Thank you we are grateful/grateful and we apologize! Even the smallest and smallest plants can have some of the strongest roots.

In memory of our beloved Titilica

A gentle soul gone among us,
We look with nostalgia in memory,
We are poorer, sadder, more empty,
In my heart, we carry his love.

Unconditional love is the most powerful force in the universe, and none of it means weakness or helplessness, because it is three-dimensional energy and should not be confused with the emotion of love.

The word "Love" represents energy . It therefore obeys all the nuances, doubts and fears that are part of our 3D world. in emotional love, we can be weak and vulnerable, insecure and confused.
Emotions have their origins in the past-we love according to what we have experienced in our lives, with the emotional DNA, with the history and dynamics of the soul group. Emotional love is conditioned and doubtful, unconditional love is not.
If we think of your unconditional love as similar to the air we breathe, it becomes much easier to understand and approach. Air is everywhere, it is essential for life, used by everyone and freely available to everyone. Do not judge, condemn, limit or criticize. He blesses and nurtures life without asking any questions. We can connect to the air or not, it's our choice, just as others can connect to us or not, or we to them – everything is a choice. But when we consciously pay attention to being with this vibration, we always attract the highest aspects of the third dimension, because they are at this level of vibration.

With you, Titilica, we have reached the level of unconditional love by being at our highest vibration.
With each inspiration, we receive your unconditional love, and with each exhalation, we share it with the world, because when love passes through the vibrational field, it blesses and uplifts us. Being aware of this vibration, we attracted at the same time all the emotional love we wanted.

Your unconditional love is the only thing in the entire universe that could truly help us experience the joy, freedom, acceptance and peace we wanted.

We love you and forgive us!