教育單位欠缺國安意識。
“賴中強說明,企業與員工之間,是透過民事契約來確保「保密義務」與「競業禁止義務」,例如離職後的競業禁止、以及營業秘密法以民事契約來界定營業秘密的歸屬問題。但是研究學院的人員與合作企業間並沒有民事契約關係,因此需要在產學創新條例中明定「保密義務」與「競業禁止義務」等規範。”
美國商務部也被轟防中手腳太慢~
"這份「美中經濟暨安全檢討委員會」(U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, USCC)報告預計今天對外公布,內容指出,商務部在建立出口至中國前應接受審核的敏感技術清單方面一直行事緩慢。
報告指出,依據2018年一項法律規定,商務部應建立新興和基礎技術清單,此事若有延宕,恐加劇國安風險。
這份標題名為「未竟事業:出口管制和外國投資改革」(Unfinished Business: Export Control and Foreign Investment Reforms)的報告指出,受託鞏固美國出口管制法的商務部「迄今未能履行其職責」。"
美國商務部對檢討報告的回應:
「美國商務部在出口管制實體清單(Entity List)新增的5家中企包括;合盛硅業股份有限公司、新疆大全新能源有限公司、新疆東方希望有色金屬有限公司、新疆協鑫新能源材料科技有限公司、及新疆生產建設兵團。」
美國商務部的新一輪制裁名單:
「商務部還將5個直接支持中國與激光和 C4ISR 計劃相關的軍事現代化計劃的實體,添加到制裁實體清單中。⋯
⋯ 制裁清單上的中企包括中國電子科學院( China Academy of Electronics and Information Technology),成都西物信安智能系統(Chengdu Xiwu Security System Alliance Co., Ltd.)、新疆聯海創智信息科技(Xinjiang Lianhai Chuangzhi Information Technology Co)、新疆熙菱信息技術(Xinjiang Sailing Information Technology)、Shenzhen Hua'antai Intelligent Technology以及Beijing Geling Shentong Information Technology等。」
"目前拜登政府正针对中国科技公司加大监管限制力度。今年 6 月,美国总统拜登签署了一项行政命令,禁止美国人投资「中国军工企业名单」上的公司,一旦被列入黑名单,美国投资者将无法参与该公司的 IPO。
这不是商汤科技第一次被美制裁。
早在 2019 年,商汤科技就被美国商务部列入「实体清单」,被加入实体清单意味着将面临出口管制,在没有美国政府许可的情况下,特定商品、技术和服务不得提供给清单上的企业。当时商汤科技曾强烈反对美国的贸易制裁,一同被加入实体清单的还有大华科技、海康威视、科大讯飞、旷视科技等 AI 企业。
今年以来,包括商汤科技在内的 AI 四小龙不约而同地向资本市场发起攻势,争夺「视觉 AI 第一股」。"
商湯講得好像自己能選擇拒絕CCP似的~
[ U.S. authorities cited the use of SenseTime’s facial-recognition technology in China’s effort to suppress and assimilate mainly Muslim ethnic minorities in western China. The designation prevents Americans from investing in the company. On Saturday, SenseTime said the accusation was baseless and reflected “a fundamental misunderstanding of our company.”
SenseTime counts SoftBank Group Corp.’s Vision Fund, Qualcomm Inc. and Alibaba Group Holding Ltd. among its shareholders and is one of the world’s most valuable artificial intelligence startups. ]
商湯被制裁的美國正式說法:
"OFAC is also identifying a Chinese firm, SenseTime Group Limited (SenseTime), as a Non-SDN Chinese Military-Industrial Complex Company (NS-CMIC) pursuant to E.O. 13959, as amended by E.O. 14032. SenseTime owns or controls, directly or indirectly, a person who operates or has operated in the surveillance technology sector of the PRC’s economy. SenseTime 100 percent owns Shenzhen Sensetime Technology Co. Ltd., which has developed facial recognition programs that can determine a target’s ethnicity, with a particular focus on identifying ethnic Uyghurs. When applying for patent applications, Shenzhen Sensetime Technology Co. Ltd. has highlighted its ability to identify Uyghurs wearing beards, sunglasses, and masks."
WSJ這篇提供制裁細節:
"The investment blacklisting prohibits the purchase or holding of any securities, including derivatives of them, after a 60-day period to allow for existing holders to sell out of any holdings. It also prohibits the targeted firms from having any ownership stake in U.S. businesses, directly or indirectly.
Among the companies named in the draft announcement are Cloudwalk Technology Co., Megvii Technology Ltd., Netposa Technologies Ltd. and Xiamen Meiya Pico Information, which have provided facial-recognition and other technology to security agencies in Xinjiang."
港韭股市對這波制裁的反應風聲鶴唳啊...
"根據FT取得的資訊,美國「軍工複合體名單」十六日新增的八家中企早已名列含括約六十家企業的實體清單,包括︰囊括全球八成市佔率的無人機製造商—大疆創新;超級電腦與伺服器製造商的中科曙光;自稱國內電子數據取證行業龍頭和公安大數據領先企業的美亞柏科;總部位於新疆的通信運營商立昂技術;以影像管理及安防人工智慧平台為業務主力的東方網力;及AI科技公司曠視科技、雲從科技、依圖科技,和商湯科技並稱中國「AI四小龍」。
報導一出,可能名列美方最新實體清單的中國藥明康德、康龍化成、信達生物、泰格醫藥、榮昌生物、金斯瑞、藥明巨諾、諾誠健華、君實生物、騰盛博藥、海吉亞醫療等生物科技公司當天中午瞬間集體崩盤,"
這波被制裁的光電通訊名單及非商實體清單:
"此外,美國商務部今天另將中國人民解放軍軍事科學院軍事醫學研究院(Academy of Military Medical Sciences)及其11個研究機構,列入出口管制「實體清單」(entity list)。
商務部也把華海通信(HMN International,前身為華為海洋)、江蘇亨通海洋光網系統(Jiangsu Hengtong Marine Cable Systems)、江蘇亨通光電(Jiangsu Hengtong OpticElectric)、上海傲世控制科技(Shanghai Aoshi ControlTechnology Co., Ltd.)、中天海纜(Zhongtian Technology Submarine Cable)納入出口管制清單,這些企業被控從美國取得或企圖取得技術,來幫助中國解放軍現代化。"
最新制裁名單:
"根據《國會山報》(The Hill)報導,美國務院21日宣布對中國航天科技集團第一研究院(中國運載火箭技術研究院)、第四研究院(中國運載火箭技術研究院)及保利科技集團實施制裁,這3家中國軍企單位及其子公司不能與美國政府單位簽約,其科技產品禁止出口到美國,也不許從美國得到任何技術。"
總覺得這份名單沒甚麼實質效力:
"China accounted for 5.2 percent of the global share of major arms exports between 2016 and 2021, making it the fifth largest exporter of major arms exports, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.
The U.S., in comparison, accounted for 37 percent of the global share, the institute’s data showed."
https://thehill.com/policy/defense/590751-china-blasts-us-over-hegemonic-missile-sanctions
美國商務部新一波實體清單:
"「未經核實實體清單」禁止美國企業向相關企業輸出受管制技術或進行業務往來,若希望繼續與美國商務往來,則必須提出聲明,且願意遵守美國法規,允許美國政府進行檢查。目前已知被列入清單企業包括藥明生物、中國航發南方工業、北京世維通科技公司等。"
美中這次商務部會面看起來就比葉倫那次財政部的來得正常許多,果然經濟爆雷前後還是有差的:
[ The first meeting of the new gathering called “export control enforcement information exchange” will take place Tuesday between senior officials from the two countries.
A senior Commerce Department official said that the exchange provides opportunities to explain to China how to comply with U.S. export control measures and reasons behind such policies. Export restrictions by China, such as its new curbs on drone equipment, could also be discussed at the forum, the official said. ]
米國商務部的《美國芯片法》細節很具體:
"規定也將擴大半導體製造能力與增加無塵室或其他生產空間直接連結起來,認定擴大產能5%以上就是實質擴大半導體產能。
規定也禁止補助接收者增加受關切外國半導體企業新的無塵室面積或生產線,使其產能增加10%以上。
規定也將某些半導體晶片認定為對國家安全至關重要,因此對包括在高輻射環境下或其他專用於軍事能力方面的量子計算當代及成熟節點晶片要施以更加嚴厲的限制。"
米國商務部的細則顯然沒打算在晶片戰縮手:
"The restrictions have been the subject of heavy lobbying from the chip industry, which collectively earns about one-third of its revenue from China. Chip makers in comments filed this year expressed concerns that overly restrictive measures could disrupt supply chains and hamper their global competitiveness.
Many of the rule’s broad principles, like the 10-year limit on new investments in China, were outlined in the bipartisan legislation that authorized funding for the sector. But Commerce Department officials were responsible for writing the detailed provisions of the rule."
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/22/us/politics/us-final-rules-chip-makers-china.html