JVM languages (Scala, Kotlin) are going strong. Rust, not as much?
This is a ranking that measures popularity via GitHub and Stack Overflow. It's biased, but IMO it's better than TIOBE's.
https://redmonk.com/sogrady/2024/09/12/language-rankings-6-24/
@ambihelical I don't disagree; this is why I think the rankings are biased towards languages that have a presence on Stack Overflow.
OTOH, it's vastly better than counting search engine results or query analytics, given that search engines are now filled with content farms, stolen content and AI-generated crap.
So if you want to assess the popularity of programming languages, SO is among the sources that are less terrible. Although, I'd include available job postings somehow.