https://reason.com/2023/11/01/trick-or-treat-helicopter-parents-study-michigan/

"While parents believe it's crucial for elementary school kids to do things "away from direct adult supervision," there is "a sizable gap between parent attitudes and actions," the study found.

How sizable? Less than 25 percent of parents will let their kids, ages five to eight, prepare their own snacks. Only half the parents of kids ages nine to 11 were willing to let their children go fetch an item from another aisle at the store. The majority of those same parents were also unwilling to let them walk to a friend's home, or play in the park with one. Just 15 percent would let their kids trick or treat without adult supervision."