These are just two of the affixes, by the way. I really liked the whole system of them, it makes it pretty easy to quickly build a big vocabulary, and it's very expressive: https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Esperanto/Appendix/Table_of_affixes
-ul = person characterized by (juna = young, junulo = a youth)
-ej = place characterized by (lerni = to learn, lernejo = school)
-ilo = instrument (skribi = write, skribilo = writing implement)
They can also be used by themselves, like:
iĝi = to become
ulo = dude, chap
ilo = tool