@mauro There are definitely communities for at least some programming languages that have very strong participation in the way you describe. I vaguely take part in the Rust one, and I know many of the people I work with also do.
There is also the free software movement, which associates much more around an ideological/political cause, so it's a bit of a counterexample. I'm pretty sure this is the largest thing that could be called a community among software developers, even if perhaps only a minority belong to it.
There is also a bit of a organizing around IDEs or text editors, although the only thing I would really call a community here is emacs, and that I suspect mostly because people tend to use it for more than just work.