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Systems thinkers use a number of different terms for the three basic concepts in the "system's triad" so that we have a "real system" as opposed to the "conceptual system" which is sometimes also called the "mental model" which is again different from the (real) descriptive or simulation model. In we make the distinction between , and unambiguous following the rules specified in the works of and

Ashby warns us against our first impulse to point at the pendulum and say 'the system is that thing there' because this has a fundamental disadvantage in that "every material object contains no less than an infinity of variables" from which "different observers (with different aims) may reasonably make an infinity of different selections."

Therefore, there must first be given an , and a is then defined as "any set of variables selected by that observer from those available on the real ‘machine‘".

defines a , as "a of that an abstracts in the flow of and of a of distinguished in the observers daily living" that is "spontaneously or artificially " in its within some " of concern" of the observer.

So, in Kihbernetics, the triad looks like this:

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