According to , is blocking the flow of from the (environmental) to the (internal, protected) . There are two primary forms of blocking the effect of the disturbance on the system:
1️⃣ Passive (by sheltering from), and
2️⃣ Active (on par with)
From:
W. Ross Ashby (1956) - An Introduction to Cybernetics, (Chapman & Hall, London) - available electronically from:
pespmc1.vub.ac.be/ASHBBOOK.htm

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In we distinguish between three control functions (levels):
1️⃣ the purpose of which is maintaining the system's ,
2️⃣ for finding an optimal path (and way of utilizing the regulators) to fulfill a given , and
3️⃣ (governance) providing direction.

There is a lot of talking against " thinking" and planning in and how the only "good" hierarchy is a "flat" one.
The above diagram shows how a is a natural effect of folding the linear "information " to match the physical structure of the system.

For nearly 4 decades in organizational change management, I've been using this idea of layers emerging from the of a sequential "information processing" and just found that a whole area in biology deals with this exciting topic.👇

sciencedirect.com/science/arti

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