The purpose of #design is to #create new or/and different #artificial structures (artifacts), so speaking of design makes sense only if it is in the context of other creative #production activities such as writing, painting, engineering, manufacturing, etc.

Klaus Krippendorff has a nice description of the difference between #object and #artifact and the relationship to Gibson’s #affordances in this 2007 paper published in “Kybernetes”:

https://researchgate.net/publication/45597493_The_Cybernetics_of_Design_and_the_Design_of_Cybernetic

However, he is wrong, IMO, in accentuating the difference between #scientists and #designers.

Every designer is often a scientist in “describing what can be observed” and every scientist also has to design new hypotheses, theories, and experiments for the “not yet observable and measurable”.