Follow

The purpose of is to new or/and different structures (artifacts), so speaking of design makes sense only if it is in the context of other creative activities such as writing, painting, engineering, manufacturing, etc.

Klaus Krippendorff has a nice description of the difference between and and the relationship to Gibson's in this 2007 paper published in "Kybernetes":

researchgate.net/publication/4

However, he is wrong, IMO, in accentuating the difference between and .

Every designer is often a scientist in "describing what can be observed" and every scientist also has to design new hypotheses, theories, and experiments for the "not yet observable and measurable".

Sign in to participate in the conversation
Qoto Mastodon

QOTO: Question Others to Teach Ourselves
An inclusive, Academic Freedom, instance
All cultures welcome.
Hate speech and harassment strictly forbidden.