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is a state of . Cognition is a necessary condition for , but consciousness isn't. Almost all cognitive processes are unconscious and will become conscious only when there are alternative options available requiring the conscious entity to exercise their and make a deliberate choice.

Making choices requires an where deliberation (competition) and can emerge. For unconscious living beings, the only available environment is the one external to them, where happens. Conscious beings, in contrast, have also an additional *internal* environment where they can make deliberations and choose between competing alternatives more or less independently from what happens outside.

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