Il termine hacker nasce al MIT negli anni ’60, dove studenti e ricercatori sperimentavano creativamente sui primi computer, trovando soluzioni ingegnose oltre l’uso previsto. Hack indicava un lavoro brillante, non un atto illecito. L’hacker era quindi chi comprendeva a fondo i sistemi e li migliorava. Solo dagli anni ’80-’90 il termine è stato associato ad accessi non autorizzati, perdendo il significato originale.
In the United States, in the 80's just like today, "evil" is everything that could negatively affect the profits of the riches. They were scared by people who removed copy protection from video games, got free phone calls or cripple the trust of the working class in Capitalism by showing how easy it was to hack the Bank Of America's Home Banking System.
In 1986 the first legislation related to hacking was enacted, the Federal Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. Just like the Hopkins' The Discovery of Witches, such text was wielded thousands of times to convict high-profile hackers and low-level criminals alike, in the most recent witch-hunt of American history.
Meanwhile, the mainstream Americans were building their own prejudice about hackers through their most powerful propaganda-device, with films like War Games.
So while some hackers were arrested all over the States, others tried to distance from them, introducing the term "cracker" to mock "the criminals" in the hope preserve their freedom and appear as the good, well integrated citizens they ough to be.
All of this worked as a sort of evolutive pressure, pruning those who challenged the American life-style and supporting those that were happy to subdue to the cultural hegemony of the times.
Then, when "cracking systems" became a well payed job, a bunch of coloured "hats" were invented, to distinguish crackers "hackers" according to the masters they serve.
Sì, la GPL è un'applicazione rigorosa della lettera della normativa tesa esplicitamente a sovvertire tale normativa. Non a caso, la normativa si chiama #copyright mentre la #GPL è definita #copyleft.
Vedi anche questi vecchi saggi di #Stallman:
- https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/shouldbefree.html
- https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/push-copyright-aside.html
Non potendo sperare di abolire una normativa liberticida e oscurantista, #RMS ha cercato di usarla per sovvertirla, usandola per mantenere liberi e condivisibili determinati software, impedendone l'appropriazione da parte di società che vogliono solo sfruttare gratuitamente il lavoro altamente specializzato degli sviluppatori che li hanno scritti.