February 2024 — Monthly analysis of Russian fossil fuel exports and sanctions
14 March 2024 by Vaibhav Raghunandan.

Coal: China has purchased 38% of all Russian coal exports since 5 December 2022. They are followed by India (20%) and South Korea (13%).

Crude oil: Since the EU/G7 bans on 5 December 2022, China has bought 49% of Russia’s crude exports, followed by India (30%), the EU (7%), and Turkey (5%). Oil via pipeline is only partially sanctioned.

The EU’s crude oil imports have arrived via sea to Bulgaria and via pipeline to the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary.

LNG: The EU was the largest buyer, purchasing 49% of Russia’s LNG exports, followed by China (21%) and Japan (19%). No sanctions are imposed on Russian LNG shipments to the EU.

Oil products: Turkey, the largest buyer, has purchased 25% of Russia’s oil product exports, followed by China (12%) and Brazil (11%). The EU’s sanctions on seaborne Russian oil products were implemented on 5 February 2023.

Pipeline gas: The EU was the largest buyer, purchasing 41% of Russia’s pipeline gas, followed by Turkey (29%) and China (26%). No sanctions are imposed on Russian pipeline gas imports into the EU.

It seems the refinery fires are the best way to stop countries funding russian terrorism.

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