“From February 29 through May 29, 2016, we conducted active surveillance in two hospitals and found that 13% of all patients admitted with ARI met the PUE case definition.
None of the respiratory specimens tested were positive for avian influenza.
Only one PUE case was reported to the local CDC; however, it was not reported to the national system because the specimen tested negative for avian influenza virus.
Our findings raise questions about the feasibility of using the existing PUE case definition to identify respiratory infections of public health significance.
Extrapolating our results, if clinicians reported all illnesses meeting the PUE case definition from China’s more than 20,000 hospitals, the number of PUE cases identified would be in the hundreds of thousands per year.
Such numbers would overwhelm the public health system’s capacity for laboratory testing and epidemiologic investigations.”
Xiang, N., Song, Y., Wang, Y. et al. Lessons from an active surveillance pilot to assess the pneumonia of unknown etiology surveillance system in China, 2016: the need to increase clinician participation in the detection and reporting of emerging respiratory infectious diseases. BMC Infect Dis 19, 770 (2019).