@piponfishing@sunbeam.city [Part 1]

Light: As a rule of thumb you don't want stuff for carbs (fruits or roots), as they need a lot of light for the synthesis. Go for the leaves. Beside (some) herbs, spinach, kale, lettuce, good king henry, onion (if you eat the leaves), chard (beta vulgaris), they'll all do fine,even if growing a bit slower than if exposed to more sun.
I don't have any experience with artificial light,sorry, I usually do stuff in the south of Europe where is not a main issue.

Space: you can optimize it while going upwards, like in vertical gardening (bottles tower, barrel, hanging garden, climbing vines...).
You may find that the major limiting factor here is roots: you want stuff that has shallow roots so you can stack them, like strawberry or lettuce, not deep roots like tomatoes or radish. Also try to go for as less maintenance as possible, automating the irrigation or such. Do you have a balcony or some outdoor space at all?