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Non-identifiability distinguishes Neural Networks among Parametric Models https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.18017 #math.ST #stat.ML #stat.TH #cs.LG

Non-identifiability distinguishes Neural Networks among Parametric Models

One of the enduring problems surrounding neural networks is to identify the factors that differentiate them from traditional statistical models. We prove a pair of results which distinguish feedforward neural networks among parametric models at the population level, for regression tasks. Firstly, we prove that for any pair of random variables $(X,Y)$, neural networks always learn a nontrivial relationship between $X$ and $Y$, if one exists. Secondly, we prove that for reasonable smooth parametric models, under local and global identifiability conditions, there exists a nontrivial $(X,Y)$ pair for which the parametric model learns the constant predictor $\mathbb{E}[Y]$. Together, our results suggest that a lack of identifiability distinguishes neural networks among the class of smooth parametric models.

arXiv.org
April 29, 2025 at 3:20 AM · · feed2toot · 0 · 0 · 0
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