For simple derivatives and integrals, you can use the delta method to derive the stuff.
I learned that from an ancient math book my Dad had in the basement, and in school I brought in a page of hand-written derivation of the derivative of x-squared and showed it to the head math teacher and said "is this how we're going to do it?" (our grade hadn't learned that yet), and he raised his eyebrows and laughed and said that yes in principle one could do it that way.
And then in practice we mostly learned that you just take the little two and put it in front of the X and add a "+ C", with only a vague handwave as to why.
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