eSagan 🇮🇳 @crackurbones@qoto.org
Joined Nov 2019
Raag Gorakh Kalyan | Soumik Datta & Sukhvinder Singh ‘Pinky’ | #Sarod & #Tabla | Music of India
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mshi-7hfKJM
Recorded at #DarbarFestival on 25 Oct 2018, at London’s Barbican Centre:
-Soumik Datta (sarod)
-Sukhvinder Singh ‘Pinky’ (tabla)
#IndianMusic #Raaga #Rāga #राग #सरोद #तबला
The Double Statue of Mephistopheles & Margaretta, Salar Jung Museum, Hyderabad.[768×1024]
🇻🇳 The stone altar of Đồng Dương, #ChampaKingdom, 9th to 10th century, declared as a National treasure of #Vietnam in 2019
https://www.reddit.com/r/ArtefactPorn/comments/fidkvy/the_stone_altar_of_đồng_dương_champa_kingdom_9th/
This caterpillar could potentially help solve one of the world's most pressing environmental problems: plastic waste. It can chomp through plastic — even polyethylene, a common and non-biodegradable plastic currently clogging up landfills and seas. https://t.co/5rk69yR2fX
We asked astronomers: are we alone in the Universe? The answer was surprisingly consistent
http://theconversation.com/we-asked-astronomers-are-we-alone-in-the-universe-the-answer-was-surprisingly-consistent-132088
Avocado a day might give obese adults a brain boost: Study - Lifestyle News
https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/health/story/avocado-a-day-might-give-obese-adults-a-brain-boost-study-1654530-2020-03-11
#ChatrapatiShivaji Maharaj's murti consecrated by himself at the Gopuram of Mallikarjunam Temple in Sri Sailam at the time of his Dakshin Digvijaya in 1677. The Gopuram erected by him was named after him and is still called Shivaji Gopuram
https://www.reddit.com/r/IndiaSpeaks/comments/fij8zt/chatrapati_shivaji_maharajs_murti_consecrated_by/
Statues of Agastya Muni and Nandi were recently discovered while digging in #Yogyakarta, #Indonesia 🇮🇩
https://www.reddit.com/r/IndiaSpeaks/comments/fiea1w/statues_of_agastya_muni_and_nandi_were_recently/
🔸 The parasympathetic and the sympathetic systems are commonly known as 'fight or flight' and 'rest or digest' — and that's true, if we were always at full sympathetic tone or at full parasympathetic tone.
That's not the case. Usually, we're somewhere in the middle.
🔸 We can go sympathetic or parasympathetic according to the needs of the moment, but as we go from being born to old age, we are moving in a steady direction towards more sympathetically dominated.
🔸 Young kids are very parasympathetically dominated. Now, once you get into older age, the sympathetic domination is going to drive up heart rate and it's going to drive up blood pressure — that sounds like hypertension.
🔸 Nothing's changed in old people from childhood, except that now they're sufficiently sympathetically dominated that they've encountered this hypertension.
The beauty of #Kerala is beyond imagination | IG : @soulandfuel
🔴 The sympathetic and the parasympathetic systems.
🔸 These are two different systems, but they both work through two chain neurons. They're both automatic. And they're both motor systems that are targeting three different types of tissues —smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.
They're working to produce different functional ends.
🔸 The sympathetic system comes entirely from neurons in the thoracic cord.
🔸 The parasympathetic system from two places — the cranium through cranial nerves and also from the sacral cord.
And so because of that, this is often called the craniosacral system — the parasynthetics or the craniosacral system.
🔸 The parasympathetics intervate the heart, and they drive heart rate down. The sympathetics intervate the heart and they drive heart rate up.
🔸 The parasympathetics come out of the cranium to innervate the eye. And they make the pupil small. And the sympathetics come out and they make the pupil big. So they're working in opposition.
🔸 So the sacral cord is innervating three tissues — it's innervating the bladder, the colon, and the sexual organs.
🔸 And the thoracic cord innervates those too, but they do different things. For instance, the parasympathetics are critical to sexual arousal whereas the sympathetics are critical to sexual climax.
🔸 The sympathetics have a few special places that only they innervate — sweat glands, cutaneous (pertaining to skin) blood vessels, adrenal medulla, piloerection.
🔸 Sweat glands are turned on by the sympathetic system and there's no turning them off, for instance, by the parasympathetics. The parasympathetics have nothing to do with the sweat glands.
🔸 The point of the cutaneous blood vessels is whether they are constricted or dilated. And the parasympathetics have nothing to do with that. The sympathetics completely control that.
🔸 So, for instance, as you're exercising, you build up heat, start sweating, and you also dilate your vessels to release heat into the environment.
🔸 Another consequence of whether there is more or less blood going to the skin is whether your blood pressure is going to go up or down.
🔸 So, if you send a lot of blood into your skin, blood pressure will go up and if you constrict your skin blood vessels your blood pressure will go down. And that's a major way in which we control blood pressure.
🔸 The final tissue that is only innervated by the sympathetics is the adrenal medulla. And the adrenal medulla is the organ the, the gland that pumps out cortisol, a stress hormone which is lacking in people with Addison's disease.
Prof Béla Bollobás (1963), explains the significance of Indian mathematician Ramanujan
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fGFK7rhpbWk
A neurotoxin produced by harmful blue-green algae has been found to target a gene linked to #ParkinsonsDisease, according to new research.
https://imb.uq.edu.au/article/2020/03/algae-toxin-linked-parkinsons
https://www.reddit.com/r/science/comments/fhv4s8/a_neurotoxin_produced_by_harmful_bluegreen_algae/
Men with an aggressive genetic disease that leads to blindness regained some of their lost vision after receiving doses of a corrective gene. #ResearchHighlight https://t.co/pPYYR8pDO3
🔸 The enteric nervous system is one that's shared throughout the vertebrates. And it lines the digestive track — from the esophagus through the stomach, through the small intestine, And then through the large intestine and down to the anus.
🔸 And throughout that length, there are intrinsic neurons that sit in the lining in the gastrointestinal tract. And these neurons form the enteric nervous system. And there are about 100 million.
🔸 These intrinsic neurons form two different plexuses.
🔸 One of the plexuses, called 'peristalsis', is responsible for pushing the contents of the digestive tract through the pathway from mouth to anus. The other plexuses are responsible for secreting stuff, such as making our feces either more or less watery.
🔸 The way that this enteric nervous system works is that it's very automatic. This is the most automatic of the autonomic nervous system. We're not doing anything conscious to push the food through, from esophagus to anus. That's all taken care of by the enteric nervous system (ENS).
🔸 As you may imagine, if you don't have an enteric nervous system, then food doesn't get pushed through. And that actually happens in a disease called Hirschsprung's disease.
🔸 #HirschsprungsDisease is identified at birth. So the newborn babies have Hirschsprung's because a section of the GI tract is aganglionic — it has no neurons.
And therefore, it's just contracted. And everything can push down, but it can't push through that contraction. This has to be fixed surgically. Another name for Hirschprung's is #megacolon. They got in this enlarged colon, because nothing's going through.
🔸 While the ENS is completely able to do all of this peristalsis stuff on its own, it does interact with the central nervous system. There is information going to the central nervous system — a lot of information. And there's some information coming from the CNS to the ENS. This is all coming to it through the parasympathetics and the sympathetics.
🔸 The information coming out of the enteric nervous system is about ten times more than the information that's going to the enteric nervous system. The information that comes from the digestive tract is telling us about whether we feel full, whether we just ate a large meal and our abdomen is distended, whether we feel gassy, whether we feel hungry, whether we feel good. It, it is telling us about the state of our GI tract.
🔸 The information going to the to the enteric nervous system is a way by which our mood can now influence our GI functioning.
And this is the way that if you get very nervous or excited, you may notice a difference in your bowel movements. [ so relatable for me! ]
🔸 There's an interaction between the way our digestive tract feels and the way we feel emotionally. Not surprisingly many psychiatric diseases are associated with certain GI issues as well.
Are you a mountain person or beach person? (In pic: Chamera Dam Lake, #Dalhousie, Himachal Pradesh)
https://www.reddit.com/r/IncredibleIndia/comments/fhvwau/are_you_a_mountain_person_or_beach_person_in_pic/
🔸 There's a huge class of receptors that don't form a pore and these are called metabotropic receptors.
🔸 So, metabotropic receptors, like ionotropic receptors, will bind neurotransmitters. But they do not directly lead to an electrical change because this molecule cannot form a pore. Instead, this complex is attached to a G-protein.
🔸 Once the receptor is bound to neurotransmitters, the G-proteins are activated. And they are going to go off and do things like simulating enzymatic reactions, or they're going to bind to other molecules that are in-turn going to simulate enzymatic reactions. So these G-proteins are going to go and do things, but that means it takes time.
🔸 The second thing is that what's the effect of this? Well the effect could be to open a channel, an ion channel somewhere; it could be to close an ion channel. Or it could have no effect on the ion channels. It could just go off and actually elicit a change in the genetic transcription. So it could have an electrically silent effect on the cell. So there is a huge variation in effect.
🔸 Another thing that is different about these metabotropic receptors is that they're incredibly numerous and varied. There are more than 1000 types, while there are less than 10 types of ionotropic receptors.
🔸 Not only do metabotropic receptors take time to activate for the effect to be seen, but the metabotropic receptor amplifies — it goes through many rounds of activating these G-proteins, and so it can have a lasting effect that is pretty difficult to turn off.
🔸 Many of the drugs that we use to treat Glaucoma, motion sickness, arrhythmias, hypertension, asthma, Irritable Bowel Syndrome and so on are acting on G-protein coupled receptors. So this is a very common target for drug development.
The benefits of walking away
Joined Nov 2019
