eSagan 🇮🇳 @crackurbones@qoto.org
Joined Nov 2019
⚡ Electrical language of cells ⚡
⚛️ In a living organism, we don't use electrons. Instead, we use molecules that have a charge, and those molecules are called ions.
⚛️ So these ions are present within the context of cells. And all cells have what are called cellular membranes, which are made up mostly of fat. It's important to understand that most of a membrane is fat. And this is like a layer of oil surrounded by a couple layers of water.
⚛️ Let's consider an ion that's positively charged, and let's consider one to be potassium ion (K+).
⚛️ This potassium ion is very happy in water, but it can't get through oil. It's not gonna pass through there. So it's gonna bounce off this membrane. And the only way for it to get through is via a special place which we're gonna call an ion channel.
⚛️ The physical force for this potassium ion is to leave the cell because of lower concentration of ions outside the cell than in the cell (osmosis).
But, on the other hand, the cell is actually negatively charged. And outside the cell is grounded.
⚛️ The potassium ion is positive and so there's an electrical force that attracts it into the cell.
⚛️ The potential at which the physical (osmotic) force and the electrical force will be equal is where the membrane is gonna sit.
⚛️ And we have to worry about three ions -- the potassium ion, the sodium ion, which is also positively charged, and chloride ion. And once we take into consideration each of these ions, what we see is that this cell is going to sit at rest at about -70 to -60 millivolts (with respect to the potential outside the cell).
🔸 Motor neurons are a very special type of neuron. If they die, you can no longer move muscles.
🔸 The motor neurons are contained either in the brain stem or in the spinal cord. But, there are no motor neurons in the forebrain.
🔸 So the motor neurons in the brain stem move the face, move the mouth, move the larynx, and are responsible for speech and swallowing, facial expressions, things like that.
🔸 The motor neurons in the spinal cord are responsible for movements of all the arms, our legs, our trunk. All of our movement that we do with our body happens through the spinal cord.
I forgot to add the source to the original image. Here it is: https://www.reddit.com/r/IncredibleIndia/comments/fabyvd/meghalaya/
Meghalaya, #India Just in case you're not aware of: Meghalayan Age, named after #Meghalaya, is the latest age or uppermost stage of the Qua...
Physicists take snapshots of quantum measurement – Physics World
https://physicsworld.com/a/physicists-take-snapshots-of-quantum-measurement/
What #philosophy and #travel have in common: They both push boundaries to unlock new worlds
https://scroll.in/article/955225/where-philosophy-and-travel-meet-they-both-push-boundaries-to-unlock-new-worlds
Measuring iron in the brain can point to dementia
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/measuring-iron-in-the-brain-can-point-to-dementia
Anatomy 101: The Brain Science Behind Meditation | Yoga Journal
https://www.yogajournal.com/meditation/science-behind-being-present
Rainmaker1973Climate (@Rainmaker1973c@twitter.com) Tweeted:
In the search to find an environmentally friendly alternative for fossil fuels, scientists from the #TokyoUniversity developed a new technique for safely & efficiently producing 25 times more hydrogen fuel by using a specific type of rust and light source https://t.co/oKgzo0VyhP https://t.co/ALBFXt6SSZ https://twitter.com/Rainmaker1973c/status/1236556526212571136?s=20
#Astronomy Magazine (@AstronomyMag@twitter.com) Tweeted:
70,000 years ago, a nomadic star came within a light-year of the Sun, shaking up our solar system. https://t.co/WYdHYljkHH https://twitter.com/AstronomyMag/status/1236494398013276160?s=20
Big Think (@bigthink@twitter.com) Tweeted:
90,000-year-old human hybrid found in ancient cave. Her parents were two different human species. https://t.co/tegPYkPVdo https://t.co/DCFlSVC0W3 https://twitter.com/bigthink/status/1236504745394790401?s=20
After 90 years, scientists reveal the structure of #benzene
https://phys.org/news/2020-03-years-scientists-reveal-benzene.html
How transcendental meditation alters the brain
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-transcendental-meditation-alters-the-brain
🇷🇼 The 'Killer Lake' Powering #Rwanda
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TtZs40rsqdc
Meghalaya, #India
Just in case you're not aware of: Meghalayan Age, named after #Meghalaya, is the latest age or uppermost stage of the Quaternary. It is also the upper, or latest, of three subdivisions of the #HoloceneEpoch.
#Geology 🌋 🌏 #Holocene #MeghalayanAge #Meghalayan
https://earthsky.org/earth/new-name-present-times-era-meghalayan
🧠 The dura mater, tough mother, is the most outer layer of the meninges, and inside of that layer is the #aractnoid. And the arachnoid is the filmy-like substance and it covers the entire surface of the brain. It doesn't invaginate with every hill and valley of the brain.
Pia, the final layer of the meninges, is too fine to be seen.
🧠 The dura is separated from the brain by a layer of fluid, and what that does is that it circles the brain and it in-cases the brain in this bag of fluid. So that, as the brain moves around, it's cushioned -- it can't bang against the skull because it's cushioned by the fluid.
🧠 In the #cranium, the dura is right up against the skull; there's no separation. They can't be separated, except if there's a bleed. And that is a very dangerous situation, that's a medical emergency.
If there's a bleed between the skull and dura. If there's some injury and blood gets in there that's a medical emergency.
🧠 In contrast to the situation in the cranium, where the dura is right up against the bone, the dura in the spinal cord is not up against the #VertibralColumn. So there's a lot of space. It's not up against the bone. And therefore, you can imagine that increasing pressure in the cranium is a much bigger deal.
🧠 If the dura is tough, the dural folds are doubly tough, because they are actually double, double folds -- folds made of two layers of dura.
🧠 There's a fold called the Falx Cerebri, and it goes between the two parts of the brain, between the two hemispheres.
Tentorium is the dural fold that goes between the cerebrum and the cerebellum.
🧠 The most important point of these folds, or one of the benefits of these folds, is that they separate problems, pressure problems, into three compartments.
🖼️ Image source: https://in.pinterest.com/pin/191614159128229061/?lp=true
🌌 Stars over #Hundar Village(White Sand Dunes ).Hundar is a village in the #Leh district of #Ladakh, #India famous for Sand dune, #BactrianCamel | Equipment - Nikon D810A + 20mm f1.8 | 1600 x 1198
The spinal cord and the brain make up the central nervous system.
Foramen magnum is the hole where the spinal cord comes up, and it joins and continues with the brain.
Image source: https://images.app.goo.gl/77CdugW1ym8Mun6i9
#PinealTumor: A pineal tumor is a tumor that forms in the pineal gland . The gland is a tiny gland in the middle of your head. It's surrounded by your brain. It makes a hormone called melatonin that affects your sleep-wake cycles. Pineal tumors are very rare tumors. They happen most often to children and to adults younger than 40.
https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/p/pineal-tumor.html
#HypothalamicTumor: The exact cause of hypothalamic tumors is not known. It is likely that they result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
In children, most hypothalamic tumors are gliomas. Gliomas are a common type of brain tumor that results from the abnormal growth of glial cells, which support nerve cells. Gliomas can occur at any age. They are often more aggressive in adults than in children.
http://pennstatehershey.adam.com/content.aspx?productid=117&pid=1&gid=001211
Joined Nov 2019
