'In this instalment of the series Great Art Explained, the UK curator, gallerist and video essayist James Payne details why, even as nudity was prevalent in the art of Manet’s era, the depictions of naked women in his paintings were radical for their unidealised style – and for the way they stare directly at the viewer, daring, per Payne, to defy the male gaze.'

https://aeon.co/videos/creating-art-that-was-aware-of-itself-and-the-viewer-made-manet-the-first-modernist