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#Thyroid hormones profoundly impact the #cardiovascular system. They act at all levels, ranging from the tier of ion currents over cellular processes to the macroscopic levels of myocardial tissue and even the whole organism.
The new model can not only explain why primary thyroid disorders act as cardiovascular risk factors but also why chronic stress and type 2 allostatic load increase the hazard for adverse outcomes.
Interestingly, both subclinical #hypothyroidism and #thyrotoxicosis predict #MACE. The free thyroxine (FT4) concentration is more associated with the HR for cardiovascular events than thyrotropin (TSH) levels. Our observations yield an integrated model including psychosocial and somatic mechanisms.