Johannes W. Dietrich boosted
Scientific Pascal

MacPaint was a revolutionary app that demonstrated the capabilities of early #Macintosh computers. Jeffrey Starr reviews its source code in his blog. The code in #Pascal and assembly language, while still in old procedural style, is an example of good programming practice.

ztoz.blog/posts/macpaint-sourc

Screenshot of MacPaint 1.5 (1985)
MacPaint screenshot with Japanese Lady (1984)
Source code of the HVContrain procedure: PROCEDURE HVConstrain(VAR newPt: Point); VAR dh,dv: INTEGER; BEGIN IF shiftFlag THEN { constrain to horiz or vert } BEGIN IF hConstrain AND vConstrain THEN { still chosing direction } BEGIN dh := ABS(newPt.h-ptConstrain.h); dv := ABS(newPt.v-ptConstrain.v); IF (dh > dv) AND (dh > 1) THEN vConstrain := FALSE; IF (dv > dh) AND (dv > 1) THEN hConstrain := FALSE; END; IF hConstrain THEN newPt.v := ptConstrain.v; { horiz } IF vConstrain THEN newPt.h := ptConstrain.h; { vert } END; END;
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Johannes W. Dietrich

Medical treatment of , i.e. due to overproduction of hormone, remains a challenge. We developed a new dosage methodology based on model predictive control (MPC), which is faster and more stable than the usual trial-and-error approach. doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.

Fig. 1. Simplified block diagram of the pituitary-thyroid feedback loop. The thyroid produces the hormones T3 and T4. On the one hand, this process is stimulated by TSH, a hormone secreted from the pituitary. On the other hand, this process is inhibited by Methimazole (MMI), an antithyroid agent (i.e., a medication), which constitutes the control input in this work. The hormone T4 gets converted into T3 by the enzymes 5’-deiodinase type I (D1) and 5’-deiodinase type II (D2). Finally, TRH (which is a natural hormone, and not a medication) stimulates the production of TSH.
Fig. 2. Illustration of the guidelines given by the American Thyroid association (ATA) (Ross et al., 2016). The treating physician may encounter many difficulties to select one precise dosage using these (rather vague) recommendations.
Fig. 3. Simulation results of an exemplary treatment based on the guidelines introduced in Ross et al. (2016). We apply the mean medication dosage for each interval, e.g., if the concentration of FT4 (which is proportional to T4) is within 27−42 pmol/L, we apply 7.5 mg. As disturbances, we consider forgotten dosages and measurement noise as explained in Section 3.
Fig. 4. Course of the hormone concentrations and the corresponding MMI dosages that are taken orally once per day. The dosages are determined by the MPC scheme introduced in Subsection 2.2. As explained in Section 3, we consider forgotten dosages, a model-plant mismatch, and some measurement noise as disturbances.
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Johannes W. Dietrich

Diabetes mellitus is common in hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa). Affected persons are faced with low insulin sensitivity (-GR) and a lack of dynamic compensation via pancreatic beta-cell function (-GBeta), resulting in a reduced disposition index (-DI).

doi.org/10.3390/jcm14072145

Measured and calculated biomarkers for insulin–glucose homeostasis in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa, HS) and controls. Reconstructed insulin receptor gain (SPINA-GR) is reduced in HS, and the secretory capacity of pancreatic beta cells (SPINA-GBeta) is compensatorily increased.
Parameters of insulin–glucose homeostasis in patients with HS and with and without diabetes mellitus. In persons affected by both HS and diabetes mellitus, reduced SPINA-GR is insufficiently compensated by SPINA-GBeta, resulting in reduced static disposition index (SPINA-DI) and diabetes.
Parameters of insulin–glucose homeostasis in patients with HS and with and without diabetes mellitus. In persons affected by both HS and diabetes mellitus, reduced SPINA-GR is insufficiently compensated by SPINA-GBeta, resulting in reduced static disposition index (SPINA-DI) and diabetes.
In persons with HS and a high haptoglobin concentration, insulin sensitivity (SPINA-GR) and beta-cell function (SPINA-GBeta) are similar but combine to provide a reduced disposition index (SPINA-DI).
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Johannes W. Dietrich

Multiple studies have proven the impact of ​s, e.g. and , on . It was unknown, however, that these effects depend on whether or not the included persons are fasting.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/398266

doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.

Associations between urinary chemicals and thyroid hormones, GD, or GT: results from single-exposure models. Group 1 (n = 340; n = 339 for TSH) indicates the non-fasting group, Group 2 (n = 254; n = 252 for TSH) indicates the fasting group, and Total indicates the total population, including both Group 1 and Group 2 (n = 594; n = 591 for TSH). Age, BMI, urinary creatinine, and education level were adjusted, and the group by fasting status was further adjusted in the total population. *p < 0.05; #p < 0.1. Phthalate metabolites measured in both groups included mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl)phthalate (MEOHP), mono(5-carboxy-2-ethylpentyl) phthalate (MECPP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), and MBzP. For parabens, methylparaben (MeP), EtP, and propylparaben (PrP) were measured.
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Johannes W. Dietrich

Weltweit und gleichzeitig radikalisieren sich Teile der Bevölkerung und driften nach rechts. Was ist die Ursache?

Neben maschineller Probaganda könnte auch der negative -Effekt eine Rolle spielen, eine Intelligenzabnahme durch endokrine ​en.

blog.endokrinologie.net/intell

Visualisierung des negativen Flynn-Effekts. Umweltgifte im Sinne von endokrinen Disruptoren behindern die Wirkung von Schilddrüsenhormonen in zahlreichen Organen und führen zu zu einer längerfristigen Intelliganzabnahme. Quelle: Demeneix B, Slama R (2019), Endocrine Disruptors: From Scientific Evidence to Human Health Protection. Study, requested by the European Parliament Committee on Petitions. Policy Department for Citizens‘ Rights and Constitutional Affairs. Directorate General for Internal Policies of the Union. PE 608.866. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2019/608866/IPOL_STU(2019)608866_EN.pdf
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Johannes W. Dietrich boosted
SPINA Team

Growing evidence supports a role of sensorimotor and autonomic #neuropathy in #syndrome_T or #SORSHOT, i.e. reduced quality of life in treated #hypothyroidism. #SPINA_GT and #SPINA_GD predict nerve function and depression.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/388117

doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-631

Scatterplots showing a significant correlation of functional parameters of thyroid homeostasis (SPINA-GT and SPINA-GD) with the mechanical pain sensitivity (MPS) of QST (A), respiratory arrhythmia in HRV analysis (B) and depression percentiles in HADS (C).
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Johannes W. Dietrich boosted
SPINA Team

Again, a study showed a strong influence of endocrine disruptors on #thyroid homeostasis. Exposure to butylparaben significantly reduces #SPINA-GD, whereas ethylparaben slightly increases #SPINA_GT in pregnancy.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/398894

doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.

Figure (Forest plot): Changes in the levels of thyroid hormone indicators in relation to a 1 ng/mL increase in paraben exposure across trimesters. Data are presented in terms of adjusted regression coefficient and 95% confidence interval values. Exposure to butylparaben significantly reduces #SPINA-GD, whereas ethylparaben slightly increases #SPINA_GT in pregnancy, depending on the trimenon.
Forest plot: Results of generalized estimating equation–based analyses of the associations between thyroid hormones and urinary parabens in pregnant women (N = 207). The effect on SPINA-GD is different from and stronger than that on T3/T4 ratio.
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Johannes W. Dietrich

About 10% of hypothyroid patients have reduced quality of life despite normal TSH concentration under therapy with levothyroxine (L-T4). A new randomised, double-blind trial demonstrated better QoL under L-T4 + L-T3 compared to L-T4 alone.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/398652

doi.org/10.1186/s12902-025-018

Table: Changes in SF-36V1 scores at baseline and 6 months. Physical functioning, general health perception and mental health improve under L-T4 + L-T3 combination therapy significantly better than under monotherapy with L-T4 alone.
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Johannes W. Dietrich

Teilnehmer:innen gesucht! Klinische Studie zur Verbesserung der bei mellitus Typ 1.

klinikum-bochum.de/fachbereich

Teilnehmer gesucht! Klinische Studie zur Verbesserung der Insulintherapie bei Typ 1 Diabetes
Sind Sie eine Person mit Typ 1 Diabetes und interessiert daran, die Auswirkungen von verschiedenen Insulinpräparaten auf Ihren Blutzucker nach den Mahlzeiten zu erforschen? Haben Sie eventuell sogar Probleme mit Blutzuckerschwankungen nach der Mahlzeit? Wenn ja, könnten Sie der Schlüssel zu einer Personalisierung der Insulintherapie bei Menschen mit Typ 1 Diabetes sein.
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Johannes W. Dietrich

Digitale Zwillinge in der Endokrinologie: Der Weg zu einer prädiktiven und personalisierten Medizin. 🧪🩺

blog.endokrinologie.net/digita

The digital twin framework nach Serani Rad et al. 2024 [PMID 38672986]. Aus Daten die von einer/einem echten Patientin/Patienten gewonnen werden (links) wird eine virtuelle Repräsentation (digitaler Zwilling, mitte) erstellt, aus der dann sinnvolle Schlussfolgerungen für eine personalisierte Therapie (rechts) gezogen werden können.
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Johannes W. Dietrich

Hintergrundartikel zum Thema in diabetologie-online:

diabetologie-online.de/a/pilot

Show thread
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Johannes W. Dietrich

​es mit nichtinvasiver , ohne Stich, zuverlässig und günstig? Zu schön, um wahr zu sein! Untersuchungen des Instituts für in Ulm legen den Betrug offen. Selbst auf einer Banane wird ein "gemessen". 🩺🧪

ifdt-ulm.de/fileadmin/website/

Betrug mit Smartwatches: Gemessene und simulierte Glukoseverläufe auf zwei importierten Smartwatches ohne Zulassung als Medizinprodukt (orage und blaue Kurven) verglichen mit gemessenen Werten aus einem CGM-Sensor (grüne Kurve). Die Werte der Smartwatches sind jeden Tag fast identisch und weichen von denen des Sensors teils sehr stark ab. Selbst auf einer Banane wird ein "Blutzuckerverlauf" angezeigt.
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Johannes W. Dietrich boosted
SPINA Team

Endocrine disruptors have a strong effect on the peripheral #thyroid hormone metabolism. A recent study showed a nonlinear dose-response relationship between #PFAS and step-up deiodinase activity (#SPINA_GD).

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/395564
doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgae798

Dose-response relationship between PFAS and thyroid homeostasis parameters (FT3/FT4 and SPINA-GD). (A) Dose-response relationship between PFAS and FT3/FT4; (B) Dose-response relationship between PFAS and SPINA-GD. Analyses adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, family income to poverty ratio, marital status, hypertension, diabetes, total calories, smoking, BMI group, urinary iodine status, and antibody positivity (TgAb positivity or TPOAb positivity).
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Johannes W. Dietrich

Assessing diagnostic tools in with computer simulations link.medium.com/qDCugbiYZMb

Simulated compound noise (blue curve) provides a good approximation of the relation between a hormone concentration and the precision of an assay system. The results are similar to those of the empirical equation by Clerico et al. (red curve).
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Johannes W. Dietrich

Einladung zur 2. Endokrinologischen Abendsprechstunde "Up-to-date Schilddrüse 2024" am 25. September 2024.

endokrinologie.org/resources/f

Einladung zur 2. Endokrinologischen Abendsprechstunde "Up-to-date #Schilddrüse 2024" am 25. September 2024. Hörsaalzentrum des St. Josef-Hospitals Bochum http://www.endokrinologie.org/resources/flyer-up-to-date-schilddruse-2024.pdf
Liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen, hiermit möchten wir Sie ganz herzlich zu unserer 2. Endokrinologischen Abendsprechstunde interdisziplinären Zentrums für Schilddrüsenmedizin am Katholischen Klinikum Bochum mit dem Thema „Update Schilddrüsenerkrankungen 2024: Diagnostik und Therapie“ einladen. Diese Veranstaltung bietet eine hervorragende Gelegenheit sich über die neuesten Entwicklungen und Erkenntnisse in der Diagnostik und Therapie von Schilddrüsen- und Nebenschilddrüsenerkrankungen zu informieren und auszutauschen. Weitere Informationen können Sie dem Flyer entnehmen. Im Anschluss an die Vorträge laden wir Sie herzlich zu einem kleinen Imbiss mit der Möglichkeit zu einem interkollegialen Austausch ein. Die Zertifizierung ist bei der Ärztekammer beantragt. Wir hoffen ihr Interesse geweckt zu haben und würden uns freuen, Sie zu dieser kurzweiligen Veranstaltung begrüßen zu dürfen. Prof. Dr. med. W. Uhl PD Dr. med. Johannes W. Dietrich Dr. med. M. Janot-Matuschek
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Johannes W. Dietrich

is a useful antidiabetic substance, but also an endocrine disruptor. A recent study shows that it reduces the set point of homeostasis, but this effect is mitigated by deficiency.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/392044
doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics1

Table: Percentage changes from baseline in the investigated variables during metformin treatment. Jostel's TSH index, a calculated biomarker for the set point of thyroid homeostasis, is reduced by metformin, but only in women with sufficient vitamin D supply.
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Johannes W. Dietrich

Which programming language is fit for high-performance computer simulations in biomedical ? We found that generates faster code than S/R and . Interestingly, Object even outperforms and C++.

doi.org/10.14201/adcaij.31762

revistas.usal.es/cinco/index.p

Simulation speed with implementations in different programming languages. Shown is the time needed to simulate a first-order linear feedback loop (A) and a zeroth-order MiMe-NoCoDI loop (B) dependent on the number of iterations (proportional to simulated time, abscissa) based on implementations of the simulation program and the CyberUnits Bricks library in S, Python, Swift, C++ and Object Pascal. The ordinate is logarithmically scaled and represents the mean of 10 replications of each number of iteration steps.
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Johannes W. Dietrich

Both sensorimotor and autonomic may be common in , despite treatment.

link.growkudos.com/1p62a9iults

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Johannes W. Dietrich

plays a key role in the pathogenesis of mellitus. In our newest paper, we show that treatment of () may cause remission of diabetes. CN: medical images in full text. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/391062 doi.org/10.1111/ddg.15490

The figure displays the patient’s glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) over time. Hurley and IHS4 (International Hidradenitis Suppurativa Severity Score System) ratings before and after therapy are shown together with essential events (surgery and cessation of antidiabetic therapy). Therapy with adalimumab was continued during the entire period. Sitagliptin was discontinued at week 20.
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Johannes W. Dietrich

consumption may have prothrombotic effects via platelet activation and thereby increase the risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (). 🧪🩺

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/388420

Structured Graphical Abstract: Role of the artificial sweetener xylitol in cardiovascular event risk. In initial untargeted metabolomics studies (discovery cohort) and subsequent stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) studies (validation cohort), fasting levels of xylitol are associated with incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Using human whole blood, platelet-rich plasma, and washed platelets, xylitol enhances multiple indices of platelet reactivity in vitro. Xylitol also was shown to enhance thrombosis formation in a murine arterial injury model in vivo. In human intervention studies, when subjects ingested a typical dietary amount of xylitol in an artificially sweetened food, multiple functional measures of platelet responsiveness were significantly increased. Xylitol is both clinically associated with cardiovascular event risks and mechanistically linked to enhanced platelet responsiveness and thrombosis potential in vivo.
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