jansegers @jansegers@qoto.org
Webosoof
Joined Oct 2019
International Journal of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Vol. 1, No. 1, August 2016 Publish Date: Jul. 21, 2016 Pages: 28-34
The Study of Machine Translation Aspects Through Constructed Languages
Evangelos C. Papakitsos1, *, Ioannis Giachos2 |
1Department of Education, School of Pedagogical and Technological Education, Iraklio Attikis, Greece
2Department of Linguistics, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
http://files.aiscience.org/journal/article/html/70580008.html#reference_14
#TokiPona #lipu_sona #uniwesita #ante_toki #pana_toki #translation #anno2016
Toki Pona discord gathering this Saturday 23rd 14:00 PST. jan Sonja will be along :)
(Deutsch/English below)
toki!
kulupu Discord "ma pona pi toki pona" la tenpo suno tu tu kama la kulupu toki uta en kulupu toki sitelen li lon kulupu Discord. jan Sonja li lon ni. ken la kulupu suli sama ni li pona, li musi.
sina ken toki. sina ken sitelen. sina ken kute. ale li pona.
ken la tenpo kama mute la kulupu toki li lon.
pona tawa sina :)
jan /u/sitelen_ike
------
Hallo!
Wir (Discord-Typen) werden was ausprobieren. Das heißt: eine große Toki-Pona-Chat-Session zu haben. Es wird diesen Samstag um 23 Uhr Berlinzeit auf'm Discord passieren, und soll Spaß machen. Jan Sonja wird auch dabei. Du musst nicht sprechen, du kannst auch durch schreiben oder einfach hören/lesen teilnehmen :) Das Ziel, wenn diesen Samstag gut geht, wäre das monatlich zu machen, für Leute die echtzeitige Kommunikation (alias "quatschen") durch Toki Pona üben wollen, aber nicht so viel Zeit haben im Discord allgemein rumzufaulenzen.
------
On the ma pona pi toki ponadiscord this Saturday the 23rd at 14:00 PST there'll be a two hour Toki Pona voice-chat session on discord. jan Sonja will be partaking, and I think it could be fun if a big group could hang out (you don't need to do voice chat if you don't want to, text will also be ok :) ). The goal eventually is to have this be a monthly scheduled activity. There's already regular voice-chat on the discord, but an organised hour every so often might be a nice addition.
https://www.reddit.com/r/tokipona/comments/dybn9w/toki_pona_discord_gathering_this_saturday_23rd/
#TokiPona #Discord #kulupu_toki #janSonja #anno2019
NB I missed it myself ...
16th October 2010 | Draft
Re-Emergence of the Language of the Birds through Twitter?
Harmonising the configuration of pattern-breaking interjections and expletives
[...]
Philosophical languages: a particular form of artificial language of potential relevance is philosophical language, namely those constructed from first principles, like a logical language, possibly with a strong claim to absolute perfection or transcendent truth rather than satisfaction of pragmatic goals. Especially suggestive are the vocabularies of oligosynthetic languages composed of compound words coined from a small (theoretically minimal) set of morphemes.
* The minimal (oligoisolating language) Toki Pona, designed by Sonja Elen Kisa, focuses on simple concepts and elements that are relatively universal among cultures in order to express maximal meaning with minimal complexity. The language, inspired by Taoist philosophy, has 14 phonemes and a vocabulary of some 120 root words. The root vocabulary is designed around the principles of living a simple life without the complications of modern civilization.
* Of related interest is Zaum, the linguistic experiments in sound symbolism and artistic language creation of Russian Futurist poets such as Velimir Khlebnikov and Aleksei Kruchenykh. Some of Khlebnikov's work has been explicitly related to the Language of the Birds. (Jennifer Wilson, Transrational Language: a revolution in semiotics -- Khlebnikov and Kruchenykh's experiments with cubo-futurism, The Birch, Fall 2005). Zaum has been linked to the Oulipo initiative -- whose creative "absurdity" is of current relevance to governance (Lipoproblems: developing a strategy omitting a key problem, 2009).
[...]
Subject:
Re: Conlanging with constraints
From:
Jörg Rhiemeier <[log in to unmask]>
Reply-To:
Constructed Languages List <[log in to unmask]>
Date:
Sun, 17 Feb 2008 13:35:05 +0100
Content-Type:
text/plain
Parts/Attachments:
Parts/Attachments
text/plain (76 lines)
Hallo!
On Sat, 16 Feb 2008 00:59:46 -0800, Sai Emrys wrote:
> I'm considering a topic for a talk at a future LCC, about conlanging
> with constraints.
>
> A literary allusion that comes to mind is that of the Abbe in Count of
> Monte Cristo, responding to the future Count's suggestion that as a
> free man is inventiveness might have known no bounds, to say that it
> were the bounds themselves that made him inventive.
>
> Drushek, Kēlen, and Toki Pona are some examples that come to mind
> offhand as being in some sense formed by the constraints within which
> they flourish - voicelessness, verblessness, and complicatedlessness
> (hee).
>
> What are other examples?
>
> How have you experienced your conlanging as being influenced (for
> better or for worse) by constraints imposed upon it, of whatever
> source? What constraints do you have, and whence derived? Why have you
> imposed them? What constraints have you considered trying?
>
> Please consider this a completely open-ended question (i.e. pretend I
> asked you the right question to elicit the most interesting answer
> :-P).
Each time an artist creates a work of art, he has to decide what
to do and what NOT to do. So you always have "constraints" of
some sort. In a conlang, you usually start with setting up a
phonology - by which you get a set of constraints determining
which word shapes may occur in your conlang and which may not.
You get further constraints when you decide on the morphology,
the syntax, etc.
My main conlang projects are meant to be naturalistic, and thus
naturalism is the main constraint for them. So, I would not have
a stack-based syntax, an oligosynthetic structure, a taxonomic
vocabulary, or anything else one would not expect to meet in a
human natlang.
Further constraints result from the intended position of the
language in question in the human language tree. Germanech,
for instance, is meant to be a Romance language that underwent
similar sound changes as German (High German sound shift) - this
means that it is guided by the application of a Grand Master Plan
derived from the historical phonology of German to Vulgar Latin.
That actually is quite much of a constraint that leaves little
freedom in the construction of the language.
I am working more freely in my Albic languages, but even there,
I have set myself similar constraints. The individual Albic
languages are linked to each other by a system of regular sound
changes, so as soon as I determine the shape of a word in one
of them, the shapes of its cognates in the other Albic languages
fall out from those rules automatically. Of course, a cognate
may have been lost and replaced by a word of different origin
in a particular language, or its meaning may shift, but most
of the words are determined by the interplay of the Proto-Albic
word form with the sound changes of the various Albic languages.
In my experimental engelangs, I use different constraints from
language to language. X-1, X-2 and X-3 all have (different)
self-segregation rules. In X-1, the valency of a predicate word
is equal to its length minus 2: a triliteral word is unary, a
quadriliteral word is binary, etc. In X-3, all native morphemes
are exactly one phoneme long (the language is oligosynthetic,
so I get by with a large but not utterly unmanageably large
phoneme inventory). However, none of these projects have
progressed much beyond the basic idea, as I find the constraints
rather difficult to follow through, and I feel that naturalistic
languages work better for me than engelangs.
... brought to you by the Weeping Elf
https://listserv.brown.edu/archives/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0802C&L=CONLANG&P=R1629
Learning Toki Pona
December 4th, 2009 in Earth (Literature), Water (Personal) and Wood (Spiritual)
I’m learning Toki Pona. Most people seem to think Toki Pona is a massage technique, some sort of tantric practise, or a musical instrument.
It must be the Polynesian-sounding name, but it’s more exciting than that!
Toki Pona is a constructed language, similar to its more famous relatives such as Esperanto and Interlingua. Anyone who knows me is probably smiling wryly, as I’ve also announced on this blog that I’ve been learning Mandarin, Xhosa and Spanish at various times. The fact that on Wednesday I thought someone speaking Spanish was actually speaking Italian tells you how far those have got.
But Toki Pona looks interesting, and achievable.
I’ve been interested in constructed languages for a while, with Interlingua previously being my favoured choice. The reason was mainly pragmatic, with it being my understanding that learning Interlingua is more useful for picking up other natural languages than the more widely spoken Esperanto.
Interlingua didn’t even get as far as an announcement on my blog.
But Toki Pona is different. It’s not the mind speaking, or the desire to visit Taiwan or Argentina, or have a better understanding of my own city. This is love! Toki Pona is a new language first published in 2001. Its designer is a young linguist and translator who has previously translated the Tao Te Ching into both English and Esperanto.
The well-known Sapir-Whorf hypothesis states that the language we use affects the way we think about the world. One of the more famous examples provided is the Hopi concept of time. Hopi language apparently treats time as a single process rather than distinct, countable units. It doesn’t therefore have any nouns for units of time, and the theory goes that this language construct is fundamental to all aspects of Hopi culture and explains certain behaviour differences.
Toki Pona is inspired by Taoist thought, and its goal is to shape our thought in a Zen-like fashion. The language is extremely simple (a key point of attraction for me!), and highly ambiguous. There are only 120 root words, so a sentence such as mi moku could mean I eat, I ate (there are no tenses) or I am food (the word could be a verb or a noun), amongst others.
The idea is to focus on the essence rather than the detail, which can be divisive in Zen thought.
Counting is similarly simple. There’s only ala (zero), wan, tu (say them out loud!) and mute (many).
The idea is that higher numbers are abstract and disconnected from reality. Are 978 seeds any different conceptually to 992? Toki Pona is described as embracing the natural flow of the universe and looking at the deeper patterns of reality.
It’s simplicity also helps to clarify certain problematic concepts. Take a bad friend for example. In Toki Pona, a friend is literally a good person, so the concept of bad friend is problematic. We’re forced to re-evaluate and perhaps not become judgemental so easily.
Sounds to me like toki pona li toki pona. Let’s see how it goes.
knarka | 2017
nasin.md
lipu pi nasin pona lon toki pona
nasin pona
toki. ni li lipu pi nasin pona lon toki pona. toki Sonko la nimi ona li "Daodejing" (anu "Tao te ching", kepeken ilo pi sin ala).
tenpo ni la lipu ni li pini ala. sina li wile pona e ijo la o toki tawa mi lon ilo IRC.
1
nasin li jo e nimi la
ona li nasin ala pi tenpo ale
nimi pi ken nimi li
wile ante tan tenpo
ala la mi nimi e tan pi ma en sewi
lon la mi nimi e mama pi ijo ale
ala li pona: mi ken lukin e ante nasin
lon li pona: mi ken lukin e ken nasin
tu la, ala en lon li kama tan tan sama
nimi ona li ante, pana ona li sama
sona ala lon sona ala
ni li open pi lon kin
2
jan lon anpa sewi
li lukin e "pona lukin" lon ijo pi pona lukin tawa ona.
kepeken ni la ona li sona e "ike lukin"
sama la ona li lukin e "pona" lon ijo pi pona tawa ona.
kepeken ni la ona li sona e "ike"
jan li ken sona e lon e ala tan ni: ijo ante li ante.
sama la, suli li pana sona tawa lili, ante la sewi tawa anpa.
kalama li wan la wan li lon.
wan li tawa, tu li kama.
tan ni la jan sona li pilin ala e ni: ona li jo e wile.
ona li pana sona e sona pi toki ala.
ona li toki ala, taso la soweli li pona.
jo li lon ala, taso la sewi li jo e ale.
tenpo pi ijo suli la pilin suli ala li lon.
tenpo pi pali la wile lukin li lon ala.
sina wile ala jo e suli la sina weka ala e suli.
3
jan lawa sona li pana sama e pona tawa jan ken en jan ante.
ni la ona li weka e utala.
ona li toki e ni: mani li suli ala.
ni la jan pi wile jo li kama ala.
ona li wile pini e kama mani
ni la lawa pi jan ona li kama ike ala.
tan ni mute la lawa pi jan sona
li pona e wile lon pi jan ona.
ona li weka e wile tan lawa ona
li pali e wawa insa ona.
ona li wile awen e pona pi lawa ona
li weka e wile ona.
ni la jan sona li kama sona e ni:
nasin ike ona li pali ala.
jan sona li pali e lawa pona la
ala li weka tan ma pona ona.
4
nasin li sama e telo pi tawa lili.
tenpo ale la ona li pana e wawa ona li pakala ala.
ni li sama e lupa suli suli lon kiwen.
mi mute li ken ala sona e ni, taso la ken la ni li tan ale.
ona li ken suwi e kiwen
li pona e utala
li pimeja lili e suno pakala
li wan e tu.
sona ala la, jan seme li sona e lon ona?
tenpo ni la mi sona e jan lili ala pi ni:
ona li sama e mama suli mi pi nasin pona.
5
sewi en ma li pona ala
li pali tawa ale sama soweli kasi pi pana sewi.
jan sona kin li pona ala.
lukin ona la jan ale li ante ala soweli kasi pi pana sewi.
insa pi sewi en ma
li ma mute.
sama la ma li lon lupa.
tomo ni li lupa li ante ala.
sina pali mute tawa ni la
ona li pana e kon mute
nimi li mute kin li kama tawa pini ona. pona la sina pilin ala pona anu ike li tawa e nasin lili.
6
pilin kama pona
li lon. nimi ona li meli pi ken ala sona.
open pi meli pi ken ala sona li
tan pi sewi en ma.
tan ni la, ken lukin ala la, taso la pini ala la,
wawa li tawa.
7
sewi en ma li pini ala.
ni li lon tan ni: ona li pali ala e ona.
sama la jan sona
li wile ala suli e sijelo ona.
nasa la sijelo ona li pona tan ni.
sijelo li sama ijo ante tawa jan sona.
tan ni la sijelo ona li pini ala.
ona li jo ala e sama la
ona li sona e sama ona lon anu seme?
8
jan pona li sama telo. telo li pana e lon tawa soweli ale li utala ala e ona li tawa ma ike. sama la jan pona li wile tawa ma ike ni la ona li lon poka nasin.
o pali pona e tomo sina,
o pali sona e lawa sina,
o pali pona tawa jan ante ala,
tenpo ale la o toki lon,
o lawa pona,
o pali pona:
ni la sina open e tenpo pona.
ni la nasin lon pi utala ala.
ni la jan li jo ala e ike e nasa.
9
sina jo e ijo mute pi wile sina la ni li pona.
taso la sina weka e ona la ni li pona mute.
sina pona mute e ilo kipisi la
ken la ni pakala.
sina li jo e mani mute lon tomo sina la
jan pi wile jo li kama.
sina jo e mani li pilin pona tan ni la
pini la sina pilin ike.
sina pini e ijo la o pini.
sina li pali e ni la sina sama nasin.
https://gist.github.com/knarka/fc961395b49b8c23ce2188d5a0e85ed6
#TokiPona #DaoDeJing #TaoTeChing #translation #ante_toki #anno2017
Re: Re: The Ultimate Test for Toki Pona
Postby Jonathon Blake » Sat Aug 14, 2004 12:06 pm
Phillip wrote:
> Being vague is built into the language
That describes several manuals for computer software I have.
>makes it very easy to utter vague platitudes
Which is why the DaoDeJing in Toki Pona is even more obscure than in Chinese.
xan
jonathon
Re: The Ultimate Test for Toki Pona
Postby frpeterjackson » Sat Aug 14, 2004 9:12 am
--- In tokipona@yahoogroups.com, Philip Newton <philip.newton@g...>
wrote:
> On Fri, 13 Aug 2004 22:28:22 -0700, Jonathon Blake
> <jonathon.blake@g...> wrote:
> > An Office Suite, or other software, that has _everything_ in Toki
> > Pona. Help files, documentation, skin,etc.
>
> Um. I don't think that would be usable.
>
> Documenting things require that you be precise. Toki Pona is not
about
> being precise. It's about "the simple things of life".
>
> Being vague is built into the language - "pona" means "good" as
well
> as "simple", for example, and that's (to me) just one example of
what
> makes it very easy to utter vague platitudes such as "ale li pona"
but
> hard to differentiate precise shades of meaning.
>
> I believe that it may be possible by connecting enough words
together
> to shrink the range of possible meanings to what you want to
specify,
> but that would make things so verbose that you would have to read
very
> much text, which may not even fit into the screen layout of the
office
> software.
>
> How would you say "file", for example? "ijo pi awen ijo" - "thing
for
> keeping things"?
>
> So basically, I think you'd either have to be vague or be verbose.
(Or
> use tons of foreign words, which kind of undermines the spirit of
Toki
> Pona.)
>
> Cheers,
> --
> Philip Newton <philip.newton@g...>
One of the joys of Toki Pona is finding ways to say things in just a
few words, and sometimes it's surprising how few words it takes. I
know that the idea behind TP was to make it all but impossible to
express subtleties, but I keep finding that TP is capable of more
than we usually credit it with.
toki pona li ken toki e nimi pi toki Inli kepeken nimi mute lili
lili. ni li pana e pilin pona tawa mi. tenpo mute la jan li ken
kepeken e nimi tu anu tu wan taso. jan li pali e toki pona tawa ni:
jan pi toki pona li ken ala toki e ijo pi pilin suli. taso mi kama
jo e ni: toki pona li ken pali e mute. jan mute li pilin e ni: toki
pona li ken pali e lili taso.
BTW, "file" can be simply "kulupu lipu".
jan Pita
The Ultimate Test for Toki Pona
Postby Corey » Fri Aug 13, 2004 10:01 pm
Hey everyone,
Well, I think I'll give a quick overview of my latest project, what
I think will be the ultimate test for Toki Pona's simplicity.
I have recently convinced my brother (11 years old) to study Toki
Pona with me for use in the countless times when we need to converse
without being understood. He absolutely loathes grammar in general,
and has never desired to study a foreign language despite all my
attempts to change his mind. I will admit that it took no small
amount of bribery (I'll play and enjoy your favorite video game with
you if...) and convincing (It's easy! I swear! And think of all the
insults we can hurl at people with them being none the wiser!) to
get him to accept.
I've given him a few lessons on pronunciation and slowly been spoon-
feeding him the lessons on Pije's site. The first phrase I taught
him was "toki pona li pona tawa mi". I told him it in passing, had
him repeat it for pronunciation practice, then forgot it. To my
complete surprise, ten minutes later he walked up to me, grinned,
and said, "toki pona li pona tawa mi!". If my brother can remember a
phrase like that for more than ten minutes, anyone can learn Toki
Pona.
I am very happy that he is actually enjoying the language, but it
has been a strong test of my patience as he constantly forgets
words. My dream is to someday be at a level where we can quickly and
fluently speak with each other about things that could otherwise be
overheard. Although I know this goal could be quite far away, I hope
that in the long run it will help us.
Anyways, that was just a quick report to show taht if my brother
wants to learn TP, then ANYONE should be able to do it easily. I may
decide to give a report in a few weeks about his progress.
mi tawa!
-jan Kowi
jan lawa pi lipu "www.tokipona.bravehost.com"
o lukin e lipu mi!
http://forums.tokipona.org/viewtopic.php?t=280
#TokiPona #experiment #pali_open #learning #kama_sona #jan_sama_lili #anno2004
3 октября 2008 в 03:23
Самый полезный искусственный язык
Изучение языков
Дорогие интеллектуалы!
Сегодня я хочу вам рассказать про искусственный язык. Не морщьтесь, не эсперанто. Эсперанто — лишь клуб по интересам, маркер «я интеллектуал», причём не первой свежести. Язык, о котором мы будем сегодня говорить, построен по совершенно другому принципу и с совершенно другими целями. И самое главное то, что в этом языке всего 120 слов, более того, большинство из них похожи на английские, французские, русские, а ещё в этом языке всего около десятка правил грамматики, практически нет орфографии, пунктуации и правил произношения. На изучение словарного запаса и грамматики требуется один выходной день или несколько раз по восемь часов в будние дни (откуда и когда их взять, не спрашивайте;))
Токипона (toki pona) разработана в начале 21-го века канадским лингвистом Соней Элен Кисой. Toki – это «язык, речь», а pona означает «хороший, добрый»: соответственно, токипона — это «добрый язык». По словам автора, язык не предназначается для международного общения. Это научный и философский инструмент. Токипона создана как игровая площадка для задорных экспериментов с гипотезой Сепира-Уорфа о том, что язык определяет мышление и мировоззрение. Если в мифическом Оруэлловском обществе людям потихоньку перекрывали свободу при помощи новояза, если в нашем с вами обычном мире можно было создать современный лицемерный язык СМИ со всякими «миротворческими операциями», «развивающимися и развитыми странами», «девушками лёгкого поведения» и др., нельзя ли создать язык на основе простых понятий, фокусирующийся на добре, мире и гармонии? Будет ли человек, говорящий на языке добра, становиться добрее?
Токипона — это мыслительное упражнение, которое всегда под рукой. Универсальная игрушка для интеллектуала. Как сказать на токипоне «хочу, но не могу» или «от любви до ненависти — один шаг» или просто «демократия»? А можно ли так вообще сказать? А почему? И такие вопросы будут посещать вас постоянно. Вы начинаете смотреть на вещи под другим углом, с другой стороны, с изнанки, в привязке к другим вещам; выявляете закономерности и наоборот, хватаете за хвост ложные закономерности. И сами становитесь чуть-чуточку Сепиром и Уорфом, начинаете экспериментировать: «А что, если ребёнка изначально воспитать, не обучая его слову «ложь»? Сможет ли он врать?»
А ещё токипона — это насмешка. Грубая и неприкрытая насмешка над общепринятыми критериями интеллекта. Ведь это самый простой и самый сложный, самый глупый и самый умный язык одновременно. Вы можете за полдня выучить этот язык до уровня «читаю со словарём», а затем посвятить полжизни доведению его до совершенства. А самая главная насмешка даже не в этом. Острая ирония токипоны состоит в том, что в конце концов мы понимаем: она не сильно беднее других языков в сравнении с бесконечной палитрой наших переживаний. Мы мучаемся, пытаясь сказать на токипоне «серая вислоухая собака» или «сядь на автобус, а не на троллейбус», но мы в равной степени мучаемся, пытаясь передать другу на нашем родном русском языке, как хорошо нам было в звёздную, но всё ещё тёплую августовскую ночь замереть на мосточке на берегу озера на пятнадцать секунд и послушать тишину, а затем вдохнуть полной грудью и задрать голову вверх полюбоваться на плеяды. Мы мямлим «было чудесно» или «ах, как хорошо!» или «п*дато», но в сущности… не та же ли это pona, просто в более вычурных одеждах?
Всем заинтересовавшимся:
Официальный сайт
Википедийная статья
Учебник онлайн
Удачи всем и любви!
A 123-Word Language That Can Be Learned In Under A Week
And its creator hopes it can help you chill.
https://archive.is/4qxYv
#TokiPona #article #lipu_sitelen #anno2019 (estimate)
Two Facebook reactions:
Kobi Kai Calev
between 4 and 6 weeks, of real usage - I'd say. I think toki-pona is (also) a great language learning étude, it helped me see, how fast I acquire vocabulary, how each grammar point changes my application of the language; and it's useful to this day.
some of Sonjaaa's older online publications - were really inspirational at the time, very idiosyncratic, 'teenage-like', fresh and raw. we're very lucky to have this language around. it went through enough iterations in the real world to be forged into a real language, and not just a bunch of unintuitive contradictory rules, etc.
Paul Bartlett
Different individuals learn at different rates and have varying amounts of time to devote to learning. Therefore, it seems to me to be a little out of bounds to tell someone, "You can learn this language in X amount of time," although it might be legitimate to assert that TP can be learned in general in less time than some other constructed languages.
the-music-man® schrieb am 8.5. 2009 um 11:00:28 Uhr über
Toki-Pona
Um 80 Prozent aller geschriebenen Texte zu verstehen, genügen dem Durchschnittsleser rund 1000 Wörter der jeweiligen Sprache. Doch Sonja Elen Kisa (geboren 1978) wären diese 1000 Wörter vermutlich schon viel zu komplex. In ihrer Arbeit als Übersetzerin (Englisch, Französisch, Esperanto) hat die Kanadierin sich mehr als einmal über die Kompliziertheit der Sprachen geärgert und versuchte seitdem, ihren inneren Sprachfrieden zu finden. 2001 veröffentlichte sie das Ergebnis: Die minimalistische Plansprache „toki pona“ (zu deutsch: „Die gute Sprache“).
toki pona zur Einführung
Der Minimalismus beginnt schon beim Alphabet. Während sich mit a, e, i, o und u noch alle Vokale wiederfinden, hat sich die Zahl der Konsonanten auf neun verringert. J, k, l, m, n, p, s, t und w reichen vollkommen aus. Viele Schüler würden sich vermutlich über diese Vereinfachung freuen. Nur noch das halbe Alphabet lernen!
Weiter geht der Minimalismus auch in Sachen Phonologie. Die Vokale werden nur lang ausgesprochen (wie in „Vater“ oder „Hof“) und die Konsonanten bleiben im Vergleich zum Englischen oder Deutschen lautlich unverändert.
Auch die erste toki pona-Regel zur Rechtschreibung ist wenig kompliziert: Wörter werden stets klein geschrieben, auch am Satzanfang. Einzige Ausnahmen bilden so genannte unoffizielle Wörter, also Eigennamen von Personen, geografische oder auch fremdsprachliche Bezeichnungen. Weiter geht es mit den Wortarten. Hier gibt es ebenfalls keine großen Überraschungen: Substantive, Verben, Adjektive, Adverbien, Konjunktionen und Präpositionen. Alles wie gewohnt. Doch wie kommt nun der geringe Wortschatz zustande? Das Rezept scheint simpel:
Zutat 1: Man verpasst jedem Wort in toki pona zahlreiche Denotationen. So heißt in etwa „suli“ nicht nur „lang“ oder „groß“, sondern auch „wichtig“. Oftmals ist die Wort- oder Satzgliedstellung eines Wortes für dessen tatsächliche Bedeutung entscheidend.
Zutat 2: Die geschickte Kombination von Wörtern erspart extra Bezeichnungen. Zum Beispiel wird aus „jan“( „Mensch“) und „pakala“ („verletzt“) „jan pakala“, also ein „Opfer“. Dabei ist der Anzahl der kombinierbaren Wörter nach oben keine Grenze gesetzt.
Zutat 3: Numerus, Genus und Kasus werden kurzerhand abgeschafft (übrigens wie im Japanischen).
Zutat 4: Weiterhin entfallen Konjugation und Deklination komplett.
Zutat 5: Das ach so wichtige Wörtchen „sein“ fehlt und damit auch sämtliche Zeitformen. Ein Satz kann gleichzeitig die Vergangenheit, Gegenwart oder Zukunft beschreiben (siehe Grafik).
Die Auswirkungen dieses Rezeptes sind klar: Der Sprecher muss sich genau auf seine Aussage konzentrieren und seinen Fokus stets auf das Wesentliche richten. Für den Hörer soll so automatisch deutlich werden, welche Bedeutung tatsächlich gemeint ist.
Kann man in toki pona nun wirklich verständliche Sätze bilden? Ja, man kann. Ein typischer toki pona-Satz besteht aus einem Subjekt und einem Verb oder Adjektiv (Beispiel: „mi awen.“ - „Ich warte./Wir warten.“). Komplizierter wird es bei komplexen Sätzen. Hierzu musste die Sprachentwicklerin Sonja Elen Kisa in die Trickkiste greifen. Damit man Subjekt, Objekte, verschiedene Verben oder auch Adverben und Adjektive voneinander unterscheiden kann, gibt es drei hilfreiche Wörtchen:
1. Mehrere direkte Objekte: „mi moku e kili e telo.“ - „Ich nehme Wasser und Früchte zu mir.“ Das „e“ zeigt an, dass „kili“ und „telo“ beides direkte Objekte sind und zu dem Verb „moku“ gehören.
2. Mehrere Verben: „waso li lukin li moku.“ - „Der Vogel schaut und isst.“ Das „li“ macht also deutlich, dass die beiden Verben „lukin“ und „moku“ sich auf das gleiche Subjekt „waso“ beziehen.
3. Kombination von Substantiven und Adjektiven: „jan pi pona lukin.“ - „Ein gut aussehender Mensch.“ Ohne das „pi“, hieße der Satz: „Der Mensch sieht gut.“
Diese drei Wörtchen haben also keine eigene Bedeutung, verhindern aber innerhalb komplexer Sätze ein Verständnischaos. Dennoch ist ihr Gebrauch sehr gewöhnungsbedürftig.
Doch das waren noch lange nicht alle Besonderheiten von toki pona. Wer mehr erfahren möchte, dem seien die Homepages www.tokipona.org und http://rowa.giso.de empfohlen.
Die Lehren von toki pona
Was sind nun die Vor- und Nachteile von toki pona? Der größte Vorteil ist sicherlich die sehr kurze Lernzeit. Bereits nach einem Monat regelmäßigen Übens ist es möglich, toki pona mitsamt seinen 120 Vokabeln und seinen grammatischen Regeln zu beherrschen. Und für den alltäglichen Kaffeeklatsch reicht der Wortschatz allemal, doch für mehr auch nicht. An komplexen Begriffen scheitert die Sprache. Denn die 120 Basiswörter türmen sich sehr schnell auf zu tausenden (teilweise willkürlichen) Wortkombinationen, die wegen ihrer Mehrdeutigkeit nur schwer zu fassen sind.
Aber toki pona hat auch nicht den Anspruch, eine neue Weltsprache zu werden. Niemand hat vor, Goethes „Faust“ in eine Minimalismusversion zu übersetzen. Vielmehr basiert toki pona auf den Lehren des chinesischen Taoismus. Die Beschränkung auf das Wesentliche bringen mehr Glück, als der Versuch der Komplexität und Hektik dieser Welt nachzurennen. Die Sprache soll in ihrem Ursprung und damit in ihrer Einfachheit verstanden werden. toki pona steht für sprachliche Bescheidenheit. So wird wohl niemand seine Doktorarbeit in toki pona verfassen. Aber jeder, der nicht nur die Regeln, sondern auch den Geist dieser Sprache begriffen hat, wird von sich sagen können: „toki pona li pona tawa mi.“ - „Ich mag toki pona!“
(Netzfundstück)
Topic: Sewi Jan! - A Toki Pona Game of Linguistic Magic (Read 5303 times)
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Sewi Jan! - A Toki Pona Game of Linguistic Magic
« on: August 21, 2015, 07:53:14 am »
You are wizards, holy folk, the Sewi Jan. Each of you knows two words in the arcane language of Toki Pona. With these two words you can change your environment by altering the fundamental building blocks of reality. Together you will go on quests for the people of Ma who will reward you with new words.
Setting
Ma is in crisis. Irresponsible and cruel Sewi Jan from before have made a mess of the universe with their bizarre sense of humour. People have forgotten what magic is and have been tricked into spending their lives toiling for others rather than existing as transcendental energy beings. The last good sewi jan, the toki pona kulupu - the good language committee - have banded together to teach a few words to a new generation of speakers. You are those speakers. If you prove yourself, they will gift each of you with new words as you further the quest to transform the world back to its greater sense of pona.
Character Creation
Name: [this is your name]
Lexus: [pick two words from this list. At least one of them has to be a transitive verb (vt) and at least one has to be a noun (n).]
Colour: [Put your speech in different colours. Red is reserved for magic.]
Background: [The game is set in a contemporary but unspecified city. Tell us a bit about yourself!]
Gameplay
There will be a list of quests with known word rewards. Whoever satisfactorily completes a quest first will get the word. Treat this like any normal roleplaying game, you can do anything a normal human can do. The exception is when you use magic: to speak arcane words, embolden in red like so: Jaki Esun!. The potency of the magic is determined by how many words you know in total (so effects aren't very far reaching to begin with). The precision depends on how clear your intentions are. Generally you'll use your magic to do things ordinary people cannot to achieve your unusual quests.
In the beginning, the following word orders are valid:
Verb - Object (shake cat, heat rice, raise bar etc.)
Verb - Modifier Object (shake small cat, heat white rice, raise steel bar etc.)
Verb - Object Modifier (shake cat explosively, heat rice hotter, raise bar quickly etc.)
Verb - Modifier Object Modifier (shake small cat explosively etc.)
As you grow in power you will learn new and more potent combinations.
Players
Spoiler: Sharayna (click to show/hide)
Spoiler: Shaon (click to show/hide)
Spoiler: Alurjo (click to show/hide)
PennState
Psych 256: Cognitive Psychology FA 15
Making connections between theory and reality
Language is such a complex means of communication. It is also strange, beautiful, and capable of expressing so many perceptions in such creative ways. I am an avid reader and have an inherent appreciation for the descriptive and the poetic ways in which our thoughts, feelings, and experiances can be communicated. Every year my desk calendar features a word of the day and there always seem to be more words to learn. For example, did you know that there is a word for flirtatious conversation that leads nowhere? There is, it’s sphallolalia. Or that moment of hesitation just before you introduce someone because you’ve forgotten their name? The word for that is tartle. I also marvel at the way many languages have words for things that the English language does not describe, such as the German words kummerspeck and fremdschamen. The former is a word to describe the excess weight that one gains from emotional over-eating, and the latter literally means the horror that you feel when you notice that someone is completely oblivious to how embarrassing they are in a moment. The creativity of language is wonderful! Which is why when researching topics for this weeks blog I was shocked to find a language that uses only about 100 words in total.
Toki Pona is the world’s smallest language. According to Roc Morin in his article for The Atlantic, the simplicity of the language creates a more profound form of communication (How to Say Almost Anything in 100 Words, 2015). Toki Pona contains 14 phonemes and 120 root words and is designed to shape the thought processes of it’s speakers in a Zen-like fashion. This is a miniscule Number of parts to work with considering there are a quarter of a million words in the Oxford English Dictionary and even Koko the gorilla has a 1000 different words that she can sign.
Apparently Toki Pona is now utilized by thousands of people around the world from Belgium to Australia, to China, but was constructed fairly recently and was first published in 2001 by linguist Sonja Lang from Toronto. Her aim, it seems, in creating this language was to minimalize and simplify the spoken word to its most efficient and reductive form. The result of this carefully crafted language is that it is subjective to what an item or concept means to the speaker. It is a language of neologisms in a sense. In order to speak Toki Pona, one must determine what the word they wish to say means from their subjective point of view and construct a phrase. Morin uses the concept of a car to illustrate this. The speaker must determine what exactly a car is. Lang says: “You might say that a car is a space that’s used for movement,” she proposed. “That would be tomo tawa. If you’re struck by a car though, it might be a hard object that’s hitting me. That’s kiwen utala.”(2015).lead_960
To create the Toki Pona, Lang used a sort of top- down method of reducing language to it’s most basic elements and figuring out what would be needed to express most anything with as few flourishes as possible. There are no words for thank you or please. There are no words for vague concepts like the color pink. As I was reading this article, I wondered what would be the point of creating a new language in such way and why you would want it to be so limited. But as I read on I realized that it was just another miraculous invention of expression. It’s the linguistic version of Modern furniture. It has clean lines and clear artistry. It can also be learned in 30 minutes or less!
Morin, R. (2015, July 15). How to Say (Almost) Everything in a Hundred-Word Language. Retrieved November 21, 2015, from http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/07/toki-pona-smallest-language/398363/
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on November 22, 2015 by Jamie Lucas.
Post navigationPrevious
Saturday, 24 March 2012
University Challenge - Grand Final
Manchester University v. Pembroke College, Cambridge
[...]
Luke Kelly increased his team’s lead with the words iconic and ironic. Quotations bonuses followed, and I was saddened to see Manchester fail to identify my favourite poem , Keats’ Ode to Autumn. They took the other two, though. Ben Pugh took another flyer on the next and lost five, allowing Luke Kelly in with the term Steampunk for a genre of Science Fiction set in worlds where things are run on clockwork mechanisms – something like that anyway. Was this the decisive break for Manchester ? Bonuses followed on Toki Pona – see below – and Manchester managed one of these. They weren’t steaming ahead, but then it was never that type of match. The hardy perennial Planets Suite provided the music starter, and Michael McKenna was first in to identify Mercury – good shout there, I thought. Now, this was the final, and so for the bonuses they had to identify the planet, but also its largest moon. Only Mars and Phobos fell to them. Ben Pugh stopped the rot with the next starter. We’ve had the acronym BRIC before – was it last series or the previous one ? – and he knew that we were dealing with brazil – Russia – India – China. Bonuses on plant cytology provoked wry smiles between the team members, and two passes and an incorrect answer were the result. Ben Pugh took his second in a row with the Swedish chemist Berzelius. Psychological experiments brought them two bonuses, and narrowed the gap to 55 points. This time it was Luke Kelly who twitched on the buzzer, on a set of cryptic clues to Bali, which lost Manchester 5, bringing them back below 100, and allowed Ed Bankes to supply the correct answer. Bonuses on angles followed. I was really pleased with myself for remembering the angle of incidence. Pembroke didn’t manage to add to their store with this bonus. Luke Kelly took back those 5 points and more besides with the next starter on the term Civil Society. Manchester’s bonuses on volcanoes allowed them to add another 10 points. The gap now stood at 60 – not insurmountable by any stretch of the imagination, but it was looking like a large gap in this match considering that we had now reached the 20 minute mark.
[...]
[...]
Interesting Fact Of The Week That I Didn’t Already Know
Toki Pona is an experimental language created in 2001 – it has no letter B
[...]
https://lifeaftermastermind.blogspot.com/2012/03/university-challenge-grand-final_24.html
Case 8: Meet the Conlangers, right
[...]
(Middle left) Sonja Elen Kisa
Creator of Toki Pona
Canada
Especially for this exhibit, Sonja Elen Kisa described herself as "a 29-year-old Queer Acadian (French-Canadian) woman currently living in Toronto, Canada. She designed the minimal language Toki Pona in 2001 after a period of depression, as she sought to simplify her life and find the true meaning behind things. She is currently studying to become a speech-language pathologist." Kisa was the subject of an article in The Globe and Mail, a major Toronto newspaper, in July 2007. According to that source, around 100 people speak Toki Pona fluently, mostly in chat rooms and blogs. Even more interesting are the facts that a "Colorado programmer is developing an apocalyptic computer game with Toki Pona as the spoken language [and an] Israeli-German singer and member of the Stuttgart Chamber Choir is including it in a concert of musical pieces composed in constructed languages, alongside Esperanto and Star Trek's Klingon." An example of the language is the proverb "Nasin ante li pona tawa jan ante: Different ways are good for different people (i.e. different strokes for different folks)."
The Babel Text in Toki Pona
1.ma ali li jo e toki wan en sama.
2.jan ali li kama tan nasin pi kama suno, li kama lon ma Sinale, li awen lon ni.
3.jan li toki e ni: "o kama! mi mute o pali e kiwen tomo, o seli e ona."
4.jan mute li toki e ni: "o kama! mi mute o pali e ma tomo e tomo palisa suli. lawa pi tomo palisa li lon sewi kon.
5.o nimi pi mi mute li kama suli! mi wile ala e ni: mi mute li kan ala. mi mute li lon ma ali."
6.jan sewi Jawe li kama anpa, li lukin e ma tomo e tomo palisa pi jan lili mute.
7.jan sewi Jawe li toki e ni: "jan ni li jo e ma wan, li jo e toki sama, li pali e tomo palisa. tenpo ni la ona mute li ken pali mute ike. mi wile tawa anpa, mi pakala e toki pi jan mute ni. o jan li sona ala e toki pi jan ante."
8.jan sewi Jawe li pali e ni: jan ali li poki ala jan, li lon ma mute, li ken ala pali e ma tomo.
9.nimi pi ma tomo ni li Pape tan ni: jan sewi Jawe li pakala e toki pi jan ali. tan ma tomo Pape la jan sewi Jawe li tawa e jan tawa ma mute.
(www.omniglot.com/babel/tokipona.htm)
[...]
In search for universal language
Jan Bajec | October 5, 2009
[...]
“Linguistic reductionism is the idea that everything can be described in a language with a limited number of core concepts, and combinations of those concepts.” The most known form of reductionist constructed language is Esperanto, and then also Basic English and Toki Pona (Constructed language is a language whose grammar and vocabulary have been consciously devised by an individual or group, instead of naturally evolving). Basic English or BASIC (British American Scientific International Commercial) is a language created by Charles Kay Ogden as a means of communication between people from different nations who do not share a common native language, and as an aid for teaching ESL courses. It is a simplified version of English and it has influenced the creation of Voice of America’s Special English for news broadcasting, and Simplified English used in technical manuals. George Orwell was a proponent of Basic English at first, but later he became critical of universal language. This language later inspired him to create “Newspeak” in 1984. Newspeak is a fictional language and in the novel it is described as being “the only language in the world whose vocabulary gets smaller every year”. It has a greatly reduced and simplified vocabulary and grammar. The basic idea behind Newspeak is to remove all shades of meaning from language in order to reinforce the total dominance of the State by eliminating alternative thinking. The underlying theory of Newspeak is that if something can’t be said, then it can’t be thought. Similar is with Toki Pona, a minimal language designed to shape the thought processes of its users in Zen-like fashion. This is the linguistic relativity principle (also known as the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis), the idea that the spoken language influences the way of thinking. This means that a “better” – clearer language will allow the speaker to think more clearly or intelligently. Most of human thought is actually a dialogue with oneself.
[...]
https://mastersofmedia.hum.uva.nl/blog/2009/10/05/in-search-for-universal-language/
Toki Pona Book written by a machine and interpreted by humans #73
Open lilinx opened this issue on Nov 19, 2013 · 10 comments
Open
Toki Pona Book written by a machine and interpreted by humans
#73
lilinx opened this issue on Nov 19, 2013 · 10 comments
Comments
@lilinx
lilinx commented on Nov 19, 2013
In progress.
The basic idea here is to generate a random text in a constructed language, then ask humans to translate it in a natural language thus bringing meaning into it.
I'm now experimenting with wiki hosting sites, to find the right place where I could host such a thing.
I created these two wikis where login is not required to contribute :
Oddwiki : http://www.oddwiki.org/odd/OddList/sitelenpinimimute
Wikia : http://sitelen-pi-nimi-mute.wikia.com/wiki/Wiki_Content
The idea is first, to generate a 50k words Markov-chain in Toki Pona.
Toki Pona is an extremely fun constructed language that works with exactly 123 words. You can learn the basics in minutes.
Toki Pona Markov chain is very syntax-consistent. Because of the very flexible syntax of toki pona, most of the words belong to all the part-of-speech at the same time It would also be very easy to design a parsing script that would erase the few uncorrect sentences in the text. But I also like the idea of having few mistakes in the novel.
. Because of the restrictive vocabulary, any sentence written in Toki Pona can have multiple interpretations.
The idea is to generate the book, possibly make a syntax check on it, then publish it online and ask everybody (I mean...the international toki pona speakers community...) to contribute to its apophenic "translation".
People could contribute over the same interpretations, writing all together a consistent novel, or on the opposite they could fight over the meaning of the generated text and we could see complete different stories emerge from the same original source.
Just wondering if anybody has suggestions on how to organize this.
https://github.com/dariusk/NaNoGenMo/issues/73
here is a archived version of the Markov text produced:
13 enero 2011
TOKI (pona)
Curiosidades cercanas a TOKI y sus múltiples significados en diferentes lenguajes:
Un lenguaje simple
Toki Pona es un lenguaje simple diseñado para expresar más, usando menos. El lenguaje completo tiene tan solo 123 palabras y 14 sonidos. La gramática, a pesar de ser diferente del español, es muy fácil de aprender.
Bloques de construcción universal
Históricamente, cuando personas de diferentes culturas llegaban a tener contacto, un método de comunicación era desarrollar un lenguaje básico.
Toki Pona continua esta tradición, enfocándose en elementos universales de la vida humana: persona, alimento, bueno, dar, dormir, etcétera. Toki Pona elimina todos los conceptos más avanzados que no son necesarios para una forma básica de supervivencia y comunicación.
Para formar un significado más complejo, se puede combinar fácilmente algunas palabras básicas.
Vivirlo en el presente
Debido a que Toki Pona reduce la comunicación a sus más básicas unidades, las palabras de Toki Pona a veces tienen un significado vago y pueden tener muchas traducciones. La palabra toki, por ejemplo, puede ser hablar, decir, mencionar, comunicación o lenguaje. Claro que todos estos conceptos tienen una idea fundamental, y es por eso que están unidos bajo una sola palabra en Toki Pona.
Debido a esto, como un hablante, se debe confiar mucho en el contexto para interpretar lo que se dice. Conecta al hablante con el mundo que lo rodea. En lugar de separarlo de las experiencias directas de la vida con conceptos abstactos y complejos, aprende a escuchar a las personas y a conectarse directamente con los alrededores.
Toki Pona elimina este exceso de jerga y en su lugar apunta hacia el centro y naturaleza de las cosas. Puede volverse algo como "yoga para la mente". En vez de quedarte atrapado en pensamientos negativos y ansiedad, aprendes a relajarte, meditar y explorar tu relación a la vida misma. Muchos de estos principios fueron inspirados por el Taoísmo, que valora una vida simple y honesta, así como evita la interferencia con el curso natural de las cosas, y otros caminos espirituales.
https://toki-arkitekturak.blogspot.com/2011/01/toki-pona.html
The world’s smallest language has only 100 words — and you can say almost anything
In Chinese, the word computer translates directly as electric brain.
In Icelandic, a compass is a direction-shower, and a microscope a small-watcher.
In Lakota, horse is literally dog of wonder.
These neologisms demonstrate the cumulative quality of language, in which we use the known to describe the unknown.
“It is by metaphor that language grows,” writes the psychologist Julian Jaynes. “The common reply to the question ‘What is it?’ is, when the reply is difficult or the experience unique, ‘Well, it is like —.’”
That metaphorical process is at the heart of Toki Pona, the world’s smallest language. While the Oxford English Dictionary contains a quarter of a million entries, and even Koko the gorilla communicates with over 1,000 gestures in American Sign Language, the total vocabulary of Toki Pona is a mere 123 words.
Yet, as the creator Sonja Lang and many other Toki Pona speakers insist, it is enough to express almost any idea. This economy of form is accomplished by reducing symbolic thought to its most basic elements, merging related concepts, and having single words perform multiple functions of speech.
In contrast to the hundreds or thousands of study hours required to attain fluency in other languages, a general consensus among Toki Pona speakers is that it takes about 30 hours to master. That ease of acquisition, many of them believe, makes it an ideal international auxiliary language—the realization of an ancient dream to return humanity to a pre-Babel unity. Toki Pona serves that function already for hundreds of enthusiasts connected via online communities in countries as diverse as Japan, Belgium, New Zealand, and Argentina.
In addition to making Toki Pona simple to learn, the language’s minimalist approach is also designed to change how its speakers think. The paucity of terms provokes a kind of creative circumlocution that requires careful attention to detail. An avoidance of set phrases keeps the process fluid. The result, according to Lang, is to immerse the speaker in the moment, in a state reminiscent of what Zen Buddhists call mindfulness.
Read more: Business Insider
Nova Languages | November 28th, 2017
https://www.novalanguages.com/2017/11/28/worlds-smallest-language-100-words-can-say-almost-anything/
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