I ran across the FLICC model of science denial a while ago while reading How to Talk to a Science Denier by Lee McIntyre. I can say that throughout the years of engaging flat-earthers, stop-the-stealers, creationists, Covid deniers, vaccine skeptics, QAnon believers, and the like, I have faced every one of the techniques outlined. (Image Source)

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Two more things to keep in mind in addition to the above:

  • Brandolini’s Law: “The amount of energy needed to refute bullshit is an order of magnitude larger than is needed to produce it.” Also known as the bullshit asymmetry principle.
  • The Gish Gallop: A rhetorical technique in which a person in a debate attempts to overwhelm their opponent by providing an excessive number of arguments with no regard for the accuracy or strength of those arguments.

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