There are a few cases that I can think of of such decisions affecting more powerful people, but in a way that's less important for them (e.g. credit scores).
An interesting case is the US college admissions system and the history of its reliance on SAT/ACT scores. IIUC its reliance on SAT (or any kind of standardized testing) decreased over time in the last decade+, but I can't find any good overview sources on this.