Some animals can see polarisation of light, but I don't think phase is a meaningful property in this context. If I just draw a sine wave on a piece of grid paper, its phase is undefined until I add axes showing where the y=0 crossing is in relation to the x=0 crossing.
Further, we very rarely see pure monochromatic light; we are mostly exposed to unsaturated tones composed of anywhere from several to infinitely many frequencies at varying intensities. We can't even tell what frequencies a white light comprises without special instruments (this is why we can substitute LED or CFL lighting for incandescent, despite having a very different spectra).