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The findings indicated that gender-unmarked forms do not fully neutralize the masculine bias. For example, “l'enfant” has no fixed grammatical gender, still our participants mostly interpreted it as "male child". This is probably because, in everyday language, gender-unmarked forms are often used as generic masculine terms (“Ils ont eu un enfant”) or carry underlying masculine stereotypes (e.g. "citizen" in George Bush’s “We cannot tolerate attacks on the wife of an American citizen”). (5/7)

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We employed a sentence evaluation paradigm, where the participants had to decide whether a second sentence starting with a gendered personal pronoun (“il” or “elle”) was a sensible continuation of the first sentence written in a gender-fair form, either a gender-unmarked form or a contracted double form. (4/7)

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There are two main strategies to counteract gender biases in language: neutralization (using gender-unmarked forms such as “l'enfant” in French) or re-feminization (contracted double forms such as “un·e enfant”). Here, we explored the relative efficiency of these strategies. (3/7)
@linguistics

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In languages with grammatical gender, it has been evidenced that using masculine forms as a generic reference induces a bias favoring masculine-specific representations. It is worth repeating that this statement is a well-established scientific result, not a matter of conjecture or debate (See my previous thread here: qoto.org/@leovarnet/1104572493) (2/7)

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Neutral is not fair enough: testing the efficiency of different language gender-fair strategies

In many languages with grammatical gender, the use of masculine forms as a generic reference has been associated with a bias favoring masculine-specific representations. This article examines the efficiency of gender-fair forms, specifically gender-unmarked forms (neutralization strategy, e.g., “l'enfant”) and contracted double forms (re-feminization strategy, e.g., “un·e enfant”), in reducing gender biases in language. Extensive empirical research has shown that gender-fair forms have the potential to promote more gender-balanced representations. However, the relative efficiency of these strategies remains a subject of debate in the scientific literature. In order to explore these questions, two experiments were conducted in French. We analyzed the response times and percent correct scores using a sentence evaluation paradigm, where the participants had to decide whether a second sentence starting with a gendered personal pronoun (“il” or “elle”) was a sensible continuation of the first sentence written in a gender-fair form. Experiment 1 confirmed that gender-unmarked forms are not fully effective in neutralizing the masculine bias. In Experiment 2, a comparison was made between gender-unmarked forms and contracted double forms, to assess their respective abilities to generate more balanced representations. The findings indicated that contracted double forms are more effective in promoting gender balance compared to gender-unmarked forms. This study contributes to the ex...

www.frontiersin.org

If you like more guidance through the steps of a sample size justification for your next study, my Sample Size Justification paper comes with a Shiny app: shiny.ieis.tue.nl/sample_size_ Complete the steps, and you can download the justification as a PDF to include in a preregistration.

Two upcoming workshops in and in Paris. Both free of charge (or very cheap) and both in late November:
- Auditory Development Workshop organized by Axelle Calcus and Laurianne Cabrera audidev.sciencesconf.org/ (20-21 November)
- Journées Perception Sonore co-organized by and sites.google.com/view/jps-2023 (21-22 November)
@psycholinguistics @psychology

...we were able to measure the typical prosody interpreted as "c'est l'ami" vs. the one interpreted as "c'est la mie". This is our main result. In a nutshell, the fundamental frequency and duration of the initial vowel ("a") determine if you will hear the sound as one word ("l'ami") or two ("la mie"). And this works with other pairs of words too! (4/X)

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...we were able to measure the typical prosody interpreted as "c'est l'ami" vs. the one interpreted as "c'est la mie". This is our main result. In a nutshell, the fundamental frequency and duration of the initial vowel ("a") determine if you will hear the sound as one word ("l'ami") or two ("la mie"). And this works with other pairs of words too! (4/X)

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To reveal this acoustic difference (or "segmentation cue"), we simply generated many new utterances with a random prosody and had participants to categorize them as "c'est l'ami" or "c'est la mie". Then, by relating the exact prosody in each trial and the corresponding response of the observer... (3/X)

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We used ambiguous speech stimuli in french, like the sentence "c'est l'ami" (this is the friend) which can also be understood as "c'est la mie" (this is the crumb). The two sentences have exactly the same phonetic content. Still, listeners are generally able to distinguish between them, which indicates that there should be some subtle acoustic differences they can rely on. (2/X)

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New article published in JASA-EL @AcousticalSocietyofAmerica! We used a new technique to explore how listeners segment continuous speech sounds into words. A thread and a demo ⬇️

pubs-aip-org.insb.bib.cnrs.fr/
@psycholinguistics @psychology @linguistics

Il n'y a que moi qui pense que Wikipedia est taquine ?

The field of #AI is such junk pseudo science at this point. Which other field has its equivalent of Nobel prize winners going absolutely bonkers? Between him and Hinton and Yoshua Bengio (his brother has the complete opposite view at least) clown town is getting crowded.

@elmerot No unfortunately I'm not a member of the board... I wrote an email to the organisers though, if I'm not the only one hopefully they will realize this is not acceptable anymore.

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