Science Summary for last month
Sources below.
Monthly newsletter: https://mailchi.mp/359cae84aa22/science_summary
#Science #summary #Wikipedia #OpenScience #news #month #review #sciences #May #monthReview #update #research #researchanddevelopment #ScienceCommunication #SciComm
Monthly newsletter: https://mailchi.mp/359cae84aa22/science_summary
----------------- Selection -----------------
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_in_science
Items which I added to the Wikipedia list are marked with a star.
Some more relevant information can be found on the list's talk page.
------------------ Sources ------------------
Mitochondria
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2248168-the-powerhouses-inside-cells-have-been-gene-edited-for-the-first-time/
https://sci-hub.tw/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2477-4
*Robot chemist
https://phys.org/news/2020-07-robot-scientist-catalyst.html
https://sci-hub.tw/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2442-2
*GPLD1
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-07-brain-benefits-gained-protein.html
https://sci-hub.tw/https://science.sciencemag.org/content/369/6500/167
*Aging routes
https://phys.org/news/2020-07-paths-aging-insights-healthspan.html
https://sci-hub.tw/https://science.sciencemag.org/content/369/6500/167
Mars
UAE
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-53394737
China
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-53504797
USA
https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-ula-launch-mars-2020-perseverance-rover-mission-to-red-planet
*Sloan Digital Sky Survey
https://news.sky.com/story/largest-ever-3d-map-of-the-universe-released-by-scientists-12033047
https://www.sdss.org/press-releases/no-need-to-mind-the-gap/
Bacteria
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/28/science/microbes-100-million-years-old.html
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-17330-1
SARS-CoV-2
+*G614
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-07-infectious-strain-covid-dominates-global.html
https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(20)30820-5
Neanderthals
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/04/health/coronavirus-neanderthals.html
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2020/07/03/2020.07.03.186296.full.pdf
IFR & CFR
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/04/health/coronavirus-death-rate.html
Airborne disease
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/04/health/239-experts-with-one-big-claim-the-coronavirus-is-airborne.html
_________
*Quantum fluctuations
https://phys.org/news/2020-07-quantum-fluctuations-jiggle-human-scale.html
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2420-8
Solar cells
https://phys.org/news/2020-07-crystal-years-key-solar-cell.html
https://sci-hub.tw/https://science.sciencemag.org/content/369/6499/96/
*Palm oil certification
https://phys.org/news/2020-07-certified-sustainable-palm-oil-fields.html
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969720342340
*Earth's magnetic field
https://phys.org/news/2020-07-simulations-magnetic-field-faster-previously.html
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-16888-0
*1.5 °C
https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/09/world/global-temperatures-wmo-climate-intl-scli/index.html
https://public.wmo.int/en/media/press-release/new-climate-predictions-assess-global-temperatures-coming-five-years
*+Spider silk proteins
https://phys.org/news/2020-07-spider-silk-photosynthetic-bacteria.html
https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-020-1099-6
*X Chromosome
https://phys.org/news/2020-07-scientists-human-chromosome.html
https://sci-hub.tw/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2547-7
*Manganese-eating bacteria
https://phys.org/news/2020-07-bacteria-metal-diet-dirty-glassware.html
https://sci-hub.tw/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2468-5
*Methane-emissions
https://phys.org/news/2020-07-global-methane-emissions-soar-high.html
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab9ed2
https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/12/1561/2020/
*Iron metabolism
https://phys.org/news/2020-07-blood-iron-key-ageing-gene.html
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-17312-3
+Exoplanets
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/scientists-unveil-first-ever-pictures-of-multiple-planets-around-a-sunlike-star/
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aba27e
Americas
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-53486868
https://sci-hub.tw/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2509-0
*Methane
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/jul/22/first-active-leak-of-sea-bed-methane-discovered-in-antarctica
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2020.1134
*Reef sharks
https://phys.org/news/2020-07-sharks-reefs.html
https://sci-hub.tw/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2519-y
*Paper-retraction
https://phys.org/news/2020-07-paper-hummingbird-sized-dinosaur-retracted.html
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2553-9
*Protein design
https://phys.org/news/2020-07-machine-reveals-recipe-artificial-proteins.html
https://sci-hub.tw/https://science.sciencemag.org/content/369/6502/440.full
*Magnetic pyrite
https://phys.org/news/2020-07-gold-valuable.html
https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/31/eabb7721
*Younger Dryas
https://phys.org/news/2020-07-texas-cave-sediment-upends-meteorite.html
https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/31/eaax8587
------------ Not included ------------
- Scientist at CERN report that the LHCb experiment has observed a four-charm tetraquark particle never seen before, which is likely to be the first of a previously undiscovered class of particles
- Theory for the development of pentadiamonds - harder diamonds with a Young's modulus of almost 1700 GPa
- Carbon was formed mainly in white dwarf stars, particularly those bigger than two solar masses
- A more efficient video coding standard (H.266) is finalised; requires less data volume and is especially useful for 8K streaming
- A cobalt-free, high-energy, lithium-ion battery is developed
- Evidence that a few mildly affected or recovering COVID-19 patients can be left with serious or potentially fatal brain conditions, such as delirium, inflammation, nerve damage, and psychosis
* Scientists assess that the geoengineering technique of enhanced rock weathering – spreading finely crushed basalt on fields – has potential use for carbon dioxide removal by nations, identifying costs, opportunities and engineering challenges
- Discovery of the South Pole Wall, a massive cosmic structure formed by a giant wall of galaxies (a galaxy filament) that extends across at least 700 million light-years of space
* Phytoplankton primary production in the Arctic Ocean increased by 57% between 1998 and 2018 due to higher concentrations, suggesting the ocean may be able to support higher trophic level production and additional carbon fixation in the future
* Scientists report that the Moon formed about 85 million years earlier than thought (4.425 ±0.025 bya) and that it hosted an ocean of magma for longer than previously thought (~200 million years)
* A reusable aluminium surface for efficient solar-based water sanitation to below the WHO and EPA standards for drinkable water is developed
* A technique to produce a degradable version of the tough thermoset plastic pDCPD which may also be applicable to other plastics, that aren't part of the ca. 75% of plastics that are recycable is developed
- Observation of a "hard tidal disruption event candidate" near the nucleus of galaxy NGC 6297 with rare "hard powerlaw X-ray spectra"
- A researcher describes the nature and rise of the "robot prosumer", derived from modern-day technology and related participatory culture, that, in turn, was substantially predicted earlier by science fiction writers
- A new AI algorithm achieves the highest accuracy to date in identifying prostate cancer, with 98% sensitivity and 97% specificity
* Scientists of the NA62 experiment at CERN claim to have presented first evidence of a highly rare process – a decay of a charged kaon – predicted in the Standard Model which may help identifying possible deviations from the model
* Work honored by Nobel prizes clusters in only a few scientific fields with only 36/71 having received at least one Nobel prize of the 114/849 domains they suggest science could be divided into. Five of the 114 domains were shown to make up over half of the Nobel prizes awarded 1995–2017 (particle physics [14%], cell biology [12.1%], atomic physics [10.9%], neuroscience [10.1%], molecular chemistry [5.3%])
* Geochemical data shows that the origin of 50 of the 52 sarsen megaliths used to construct Stonehenge is most likely West Woods, Wiltshire, 25 km north of Stonehenge
* Gut microbiomes that produce high levels of gallic acid or gallic acid, which can be found in many antioxidant-rich foods considered healthy and earlier reported to induce cell death in prostate and breast cancer cells, itself can switch mutated p53 proteins from being tumour-suppressive to accelerate the growth of bowel cancers in mice
* Two ice caps in Nunavut, Canada have disappeared completely, confirming predictions of a 2016/2017 study that they would melt completely within the next five years
