南海議題的法國聲音:

"兩年前,一艘中國船為了阻止一艘美國軍艦在南中國海航行曾經近距離靠近美國船隻,離船尾的距離僅為五十米,這是違背海上航行的國際規定的。我並不相信美國或者日本船隻會作出同樣的行為來干涉中國艦隊的操練,儘管三國之間在南海問題上存在諸多分歧,但是,中國人完全有權利在南海進行操練,無論南中國海是否屬於中國,同樣,其他國家的船隻也同樣有權利在南海航行,因為這裡並不是中國的內海。"

"當然,我們去南中國海,北京會不滿意,但是,法國此舉的目的就是要捍衛聯合國的公海自由海洋的公約,《聯合國海洋法公約》是由一百多個國家簽署的公約,這一公約不能夠因為某一個國家的利益而被棄之不顧。這是法國軍隊巡航的唯一原因,在瑪麗安娜巡航任務結束之後,現在又有 代號為聖女貞德的演習,法國海軍將與美國,日本,澳大利亞等國的海軍在南海舉行聯合軍演,也是出於同樣的目的,在演習結束之後,法國軍艦將返回土倫港,這也是一次捍衛自由航行的演習,在一個可以自由航行的海域,南中國海並不是中國的內湖,也不可能成為中國的一條內湖。"

rfi.fr/cn/%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84%E

回顧南海仲裁五年後的影響:

"The Award has also provided a legal basis for regional and extra-regional countries to clarify their positions on the South China Sea issues. This was seen in the diplomatic note exchange from late December 2019 to January 2021, which prompted a flurry of 25 notes verbales, two letters, and one statement by 11 regional and extra-regional players on issues pertinent to the South China Sea region: Brunei (one statement), China (nine notes verbales and one letter), Malaysia (three notes), the Philippines (three notes), Vietnam (three notes), Indonesia (two notes), the United States (one letter), and Australia, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and Japan (one note each)."

thediplomat.com/2021/07/the-so

對做出南海仲裁的常設仲裁法院之介紹:

"The Permanent Court of Arbitration is one of the oldest in the world but it is not part of the United Nations system of courts and tribunals. The PCA is a misnomer because it is not a court with a permanent panel of judges. It is in fact a facility that contains a chamber suitable for arbitral hearings. It also has a law library, legal archive, and administrative and support staff."

thediplomat.com/2021/07/who-de

難怪連印尼都狂買武器:

"Farhan said that China, in a separate letter, also protested against the predominantly land-based Garuda Shield military exercises in August, which took place during the standoff.

The exercises, involving 4,500 troops from the United States and Indonesia, have been a regular event since 2009. This was China's first protest against them, according to Farhan."

news.yahoo.com/exclusive-china

印尼與中國在南海的緊張點:

"據一家參與評估鑽探的俄羅斯能源商透漏,印尼政府於 2007 年跟一家英國私人公司簽訂了勘探合約,納土納海域的石油儲量估計為 1 億桶。法漢表示,中國過去並沒有就印尼探勘能源一事提出正式文件,而此次則是選擇在 9 月中國逗留印尼納土納群島外專屬經濟區引爭議之時發出外交照會,法漢說:「這些信件沒有(明言)任何威脅,但在我個人看來,我們必須將他們的態度視為是威脅,因為中國首次就南中國海或北納土納群島的領土主張發出外交公報。」"

pourquoi.tw/2021/12/07/intlnew

印尼裝瞎算舊帳是打算緊張點再添一嗎?

“「雅加達郵報」指出,印尼肅貪委員會官員迪安(Dian Patria)6月22日向媒體透露,根據中國海關的數據,中國自2020年1月開始到2022年6月從印尼收到多達530萬噸的鎳礦。

迪安並未提及這些從印尼非法出口的鎳礦來源,但他透露這些鎳礦是從蘇拉威西(Sulawesi)或摩鹿加(Maluku)取得,這兩個地區是印尼最大的鎳礦產地。”

cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202307020

中國正加強太陽能產業對外擴張:

"印尼「羅盤報」(Kompas)報導,巴赫理向媒體表示,中國信義玻璃集團將在巴淡島(Batam)的林邦島(Rempang)蓋一座製造玻璃和太陽能電池板工廠,該工廠95%的產量將用於出口,預計能創造3萬5000個工作機會。

對此,印尼經濟與法律研究中心(CELIOS)主任拉瑪特(Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat)雖支持中國對印尼能源轉型的貢獻,但部分中資忽視了環境和社會問題,特別是在與鎳有關的產業。"

cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202307310

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太陽能板原料之一的高純度石墨成為戰略資源新成員:

"Graphite is listed by both Beijing and Washington as a key strategic mineral. It is a soft form of carbon that occurs naturally in rocks such as marble, schist and gneiss. Artificial graphite, favored by car and battery makers for its consistency and performance, is fabricated by heat treatment of petroleum coke, coal-tar pitch or oil.

High-purity natural and synthetic graphite are vital to the clean-tech industry and can be used as pebbles for modular nuclear reactors, in composites for wind turbines and for lithium-ion battery anodes, according to the U.S. Geological Survey. Crystalline flake graphite can be processed into graphene, which is used to make solar panels, transistors and tablet computers."

wsj.com/world/asia/china-tight

戰爭真是科技的推手啊~

"中國商務部、海關總署20日宣布,為維護國家安全和利益,將對特定「石墨」物項實施出口管制措施,自12月1日起,包含高純度、高強度、高密度的人造石墨材料及其製品,與天然鱗片石墨及其製品(含球化石墨、膨脹石墨等),未經許可不得出口。"

"位於奧斯陸的合成石墨新創公司Vianod的營運長Hans Erik Vatne在報導中提到,將於明年開始在挪威小規模生產合成石墨,預計到2030年在歐洲和美國全面大規模生產,預計可以供應約200萬輛電動車的需求,「生產合成石墨的成本高昂,但這是減少對中國依賴所必須付出的代價」。"

cna.com.tw/news/acn/2023102401

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