👤 Bertrand Russell TOPIC NOTES...
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👤 Bertrand Russell TOPIC NOTES...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell
1 ➡️ #Authority and the #Individual
His series of six #broadcasts, titled Authority and the Individual, explored themes such as the role of #individual #initiative in the #development of a #community and the role of #state #control in a #progressive #society.
2 ➡️ #Jews / #Jewish People's home
In 1943, Russell expressed support for #Zionism: "I have come gradually to see that, in a dangerous and largely hostile world, it is essential to #Jews to have some country which is theirs, some region where they are not suspected #aliens, some #state which embodies what is distinctive in their #culture"
3 ➡️ #Mathematics
Russell wrote Principia Mathematica, a milestone in the development of classical #logic and a major attempt to reduce the whole of #mathematics to #logic (see #logicism)
4 ➡️ Russell was a #pacifist who championed anti-imperialism and chaired the #India League.
He went to prison for his #pacifism during World War I and initially supported appeasement against Adolf Hitler's #Nazi #Germany, before changing his view in #1943, describing war as a necessary "lesser of two evils".
5 ➡️ Nobel Peace Prices
1950, Russell was awarded the #NobelPrize in #Literature "in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions #humanitarian ideals and #freedom of #thought".
6 ➡️ Supporting himself
Russell supported his family during this time by writing popular books explaining matters of #physics, #ethics, and #education to the #layman.
7 ➡️ Experimental Education School
Russell founded the #experimental Beacon Hill School in 1927. The school was run from a succession of different locations, including its original premises at the Russells' residence, Telegraph House, near #Harting, West #Sussex.
Russells divided their time between #London and #Cornwall, spending summers in #Porthcurno
8 ➡️ #Books
A History of Western Philosophy (1945) became a best-seller and provided Russell with a steady income for the remainder of his life.
9 ➡️ Political causes
Bertrand Russell was opposed to war from a young age; his opposition to World War I was used as grounds for his dismissal from Trinity College at Cambridge. This incident fused two of his controversial causes, as he had failed to be granted fellow status which would have protected him from firing, because he was not willing to either pretend to be a devout Christian, or at least avoid admitting he was agnostic.
He later described the resolution of these issues as essential to freedom of thought and expression, citing the incident in Free Thought and Official #Propaganda, where he explained that the expression of any idea, even the most obviously "bad", must be protected not only from direct #State intervention but also #economic #leveraging and other means of being #silenced...
10 ➡️ Society - Political and social activism
Much of Russell's time was politically active, almost to the end of his life, writing to and exhorting world leaders and lending his name to various causes. He was a prominent campaigner against Western intervention into the Vietnam War in the 1960s, writing essays and books, attending demonstrations, and even organising the Russell Tribunal in 1966 alongside other prominent philosophers such as Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir, which fed into his 1967 book War Crimes in Vietnam.
11 ➡️ #Gender
Russell was an active supporter of the Homosexual Law Reform Society, being one of the signatories of A. E. Dyson's 1958 letter to The Times calling for a change in the law regarding male homosexual practices, which were partly legalised in 1967, when Russell was still alive.
12 ➡️ #Israel #Palestinian
Russell expressed sympathy and support for the Palestinian people and was critical of Israel's actions. He wrote in 1960 that, "I think it was a mistake to establish a Jewish State in Palestine, but it would be a still greater mistake to try to get rid of it now that it exists.
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#BertrandRussell wrote about #philosophy.
18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970
#British #philosopher, #logician, #mathematician, and #public #intellectual
