台灣備戰需要雙重加速: 爭取短期內購入軍備與強化軍員實戰能力.
"U.S. officials, former Taiwanese military leaders and security experts say they believe that means Taiwan needs to do more to ensure it can inflict enough damage to discourage an invading force or hold it off until the arrival of help—possibly from the U.S. After years of increases in military spending, China now has around 100 times as many ground force personnel as Taiwan and a military budget 25 times as large, according to Pentagon data."
中國武裝攻擊前,致力打擊台灣自衛信心的動機: PLA逾卌年無實戰經驗,且有印太鄰國的包圍壓力。
"Launching a full-scale amphibious incursion 130 kilometers from the mainland would be a daunting exercise, and the PLA has not had major combat experience since 1979. Beijing would risk major resistance from Taipei as well as a devastating military response from Washington. In addition, it would do grave, if not, irreparable damage to its ties with the United States and the European Union, not to mention the four militarily and economically formidable democracies it counts as neighbors: Australia, India, Japan, and South Korea. Indeed, it is hard to think of an action that would do more to jeopardize China’s long-term strategic prospects. It would be far less risky for Beijing to continue its present lines of efforts: increasing its bilateral military advantage across the Taiwan Strait, working to undermine Taipei’s self-confidence, and persuading Taiwan that it will eventually have to acquiesce to resolving cross-strait tensions on China’s terms."
https://thediplomat.com/2021/05/taiwan-at-the-nexus-of-technology-and-geopolitics/
回顧過去的美台中三方交戰:
「在金門823砲戰爆發後,美軍太平洋空軍司令庫特納(Laurence S. Kutner)曾主張,一旦兩岸爆發武裝衝突,美方就應率先朝中國大陸投擲原子彈,但僅限空軍基地,認為如此便不會引起美國政府中疑戰者的反對。與此同時,當時的美國官員不否認,此舉極有可能導致中國盟邦蘇聯進行核武反擊,但美軍官員寧可如此,也不願冒險輸掉金門。
時任美國參謀首長聯席會議主席垂寧(Nathan Twining)還曾表示,若攻擊中國空軍基地無法遏阻中方軍事行動,美方就不得不增加核武攻擊選項,最北應將上海納入轟炸目標。他坦承,這麼做勢必會讓台灣、甚至沖繩淪為核武攻擊的目標,但若美國國家政策是捍衛(台灣)離島,就必須接受這個後果。
時任美國國務卿杜勒斯(John Foster Dulles)當時亦向參謀首長聯席會議坦言,離島淪陷就代表中共更進一步。
最終,時任總統艾森豪駁回諸位將領的建議,仍決定先採用傳統武器。不過,由於當時的美國政府已不想再打一場類似韓戰的傳統戰爭,美方官員一致相信,除非中共停止奪取金門的行動,否則美軍下一步就會動用核武反擊。」
金門砲戰作為檢驗台敵友的定位點:
“吳崇涵、翁履中、陳冠吾三位學者的投書文章〈抗中不等於保台 川普賣槍不賣命〉,認為美國主流民意向來反對美軍涉入海外爭端,更別提是與美國沒有直接利益的台灣;對中國抱持反感與支持出兵協防台灣,沒有一定的相關性;川普面臨連任壓力,打抗中牌是在轉移防疫不力的批評;美國歷任總統基本上都是透過出售武器來挺台,避免給予台灣太過明確的軍事安全承諾。
這種論述背後,有著不可言明的預設:美國不可信任;川普政府的政策起心動念是選情或出於政治動機;美國「賣槍不賣命」,不會動用武力履行對台安全承諾,干犯中國,因為中國太過強大。可是三位學者卻沒有仔細分析,美國近年來對於台灣安全的看法,是否已經大幅改變?預設「美國不會出兵挺台」,但如何解釋歷史上美國於1958年金門炮戰中協防台灣及金門、1996年台海危機中派遣航母戰鬥群駛往台海巡弋、近來以軍艦通過台灣海峽與戰機偵蒐等實際行動對應中國軍事活動的增加?”
共機騷擾作用力與敵視中國反作用力:
"A poll by Taiwan’s state-funded research institute Academia Sinica, conducted in May, found that roughly 45% of local respondents see the Chinese government as an enemy of Taiwan, up from 25% in 2018."
趙君朔剖析路透社那篇解放軍犯台六套劇本,將重點放在馬祖攻防效應:
三個月後果然就看到解放軍開始對馬祖蠢蠢欲動了:
"The aircraft’s low flight path suggests it was trying to avoid being detected by radar, said Su Tzu-yun, an associate research fellow at the Institute for National Defense and Security Research, a Taipei-based think tank that is backed by the Taiwanese military."
"In the days since, Taiwanese media blasted the military for not doing more to keep the public informed. A former vice air marshal in the Taiwanese air force, Chang Yan-ting, echoed that criticism, adding that the incident also showed Taiwanese military leaders had allowed themselves to be distracted by Chinese military activity elsewhere."
資訊戰攻擊從馬祖試探滿符合低成本高效益:
"Fourteen submarine cables extend from Taiwan, with some buried about 6 feet beneath the seabed. The cables, which are bundles of fiber-optic lines the thickness of a garden hose, provide roughly 95% of the island’s data-and-voice traffic and connect much of Asia to the internet."
這就是台灣版的烏東吧...
"幾週前,連江縣長王忠銘還前往福州訪問,告訴福州官員和中國移動通信集團副董事長,希望在馬祖及福州之間鋪設一條海底纜線,王忠銘強調,福州基本上已經答應了,剩下的就交給我們了。"
"美國國國防情報局前東亞國防情報官員韓力(Lonnie Henry)11日發文指出,解放軍在封鎖台灣時,最初的飛彈和空襲將包括遠程通信設施,如衛星地面站和海底電纜登陸點,還有使用反太空技術攻擊通信衛星,後續的打擊將針對台灣的移動和備用通信設備。「如中國切斷聯絡管道、從海空阻絕軍民補給,台灣最終可能不得不投降。」"
"NCC於2月16日曾證實,連接台灣和馬祖的兩條海底電纜在2月2日和8日分別被中方的漁船和貨船切斷。目前沒有證據證明這是北京的蓄意行為,但台灣電信運營商中華電信(Chunghwa Telecom)的數據顯示,馬祖海底電纜過去五年被損壞超過20次,但這是首度有兩根電纜在短短六天內相繼受損。"
除了微波與低軌衛星,有人提出第三種網路通訊備案:
"HAPS,「高空通訊平台」又可直譯為「高空偽衛星」(High-Altitude Pseudo Satellite),係架設於平流層的新一代通訊平台,其系統位置與性質介於地面通訊和衛星通訊之間,滯空時間可以長達數個月至1年,具有大範圍覆蓋,以及固定於空中指定範圍的特性。"
"因HAPS位於距離地表約20至50公里的平流層,其高度介於民航飛機與衛星軌道間,且於空氣流動相對穩定的平流層中運行,可自高空穩定向下發送訊號,並可提供直徑50~200公里的行動通訊網路覆蓋。故用於提供如飛機、船隻、汽車等終端設備移動網路服務,在其覆蓋範圍內可維持穩定之通訊品質。再者相較於地面網路設備,以HAPS作為空中行動通訊基地台而提供的終端設備行動網路,在移動過程中不需頻繁切換基地台,可獲得更好的網路品質。"
"目前國際產業界HAPS應用發展,以飛機與熱氣球型式之HAPS較具商業進展。另以產業端的應用測試發展而言,HAPS三種形式中,產業面係以飛機形式居多,其次為熱氣球形式,且不論飛機或熱氣球形式,產業面之應用測試皆以HAPS作為空中行動通訊基地台為主。"
"海底電纜頻寬是以TB為計算單位,算是「高速道路」,微波原則是以GB為計算單位,類似「一般道路」,目前使用中的高軌道同步衛星ST2也能扮演備援角色,但頻寬容量則是以MB為計算單位,和目前當紅的低軌衛星一樣,都是小條的「替代道路」,雖然頻寬不夠大,但能確保通訊不會完全中斷。"
衛星寬頻網路是通訊競爭新場域:
"Satellite broadband became a national priority for China in April 2020, when the country’s top economic-planning agency included it on a wish list of “new infrastructure” as part of Beijing’s push to be self-sufficient in key technologies. Later that year, the International Telecommunication Union, a United Nations agency that registers satellite fleets, received China’s filings for two constellations totaling at least 7,808 satellites."
“吳宗信透露,經初步軌道模擬,台灣約需120枚像Starlink等級、200至300公斤重的衛星,目前雖沒有這麼多枚,但仍可透過其他方法達到一定目的;他指出,衛星的應用服務包括國家安全、民生到災防協助等範圍,太空中心「勢必要擔起這個責任」。”
蔡政府為可能到來的戰爭開始預作通訊準備:
"Taiwan’s space agency is spearheading the efforts to develop indigenous satellite broadband. TASA, as the agency is known, aims to launch the first satellite to low-Earth orbit in 2025. Taiwan plans to spend the equivalent of about $820 million over the next decade on developing space-related industries, including satellites. "
"據 SES 公關部門的說法,在易受災害地區,地面網路可能突然因災害中斷,因此台灣政府認為發生災害時可轉向衛星網路。據了解台灣與 SES 的合作圍繞著台灣政府「在災難情況下迅速恢復雲端服務」的需求,SES 和微軟並且為此提出專用的 5G 網路。"
原來衛星也能自拍:
"研究團隊首次公布2張立方衛星滿月自拍影像,清晰呈現Lilium-1立方衛星正常運作;相片顯示,衛星朝向太陽,太陽能板成功展開,瞄準太陽,陽光閃耀,衛星在澳洲大陸上空,三軸穩定運作。這是台灣衛星首次在太空自拍打卡紀錄。"