ᛕᎥᕼᗷᗴᖇᑎᗴ丅Ꭵᑕᔕ @Kihbernetics@qoto.org

Didn't know Google can also do translations:
https://www.google.com/search?q=translate+cybernetics+greek

> Unlike the Cartesian argument that living beings are like man-made machines, Kant was the first author who defended the view that organisms are deeply different from machines because their parts and activities are non-separable, and the functions of these parts are not externally imposed, but rather intrinsically determined.

*Moreno & Mossio*
Biological Autonomy - A Philosophical and Theoretical Enquiry

They might **behave** (function) similarly to machines, but the real difference is how they are **produced** and maintained.

Control in #Cybernetics always has to come from the outside or is exerted, not internally onto the elements that make the system but onto something else outside of the "control" system.

Even such brilliant thinkers as #FJ_Varela, one of the "fathers" of #autopoiesis could not escape this profoundly ingrained "cybernetic" assumption:

>"#Autonomy means, literally, self-law. To see what this entails, it is easier to contrast it with its mirror image, #allonomy or **external law**. This is, of course, what we call #control. These two images, autonomy and control, do a continuous dance."

**Francisco J. Varela** - *Principles Of Biological Autonomy*

http://mechanism.ucsd.edu/teaching/f17/phil204A/readings/Varela%201979%20Principles%20of%20Biological%20Autonomy.part1.pdf

Control theories such as #PCT (Perceptual Control Theory), which are based on #Cybernetics, are primarily focused on the #negative_feedback control loop closed through the system's #environment and have little or no concern for the more important, internal #positive_feedback motor loop controlling the system's #growth and #learning cycles.

>The natural history of systems which exhibit #autonomy as a characteristic phenomenology shows that they share one universal feature suggested by #autopoiesis: organizational closure, i.e. indefinite recursion of component interaction.

(ibid. p79)

>#Autonomy - the assertion of the system's #identity through its internal functioning and self-regulation.

#FJ_Varela - *On Being Autonomous: The Lessons of Natural History for Systems Theory*
in:
*Applied General Systems Research* - 1978 - #GJ_Klir (ed.)
p. 77
https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4757-0555-3

>In hierarchical societies, mockery is often associated with bullies whose power exceeds their moral authority. But it is also a tool of the weak, a means to pillory those in power and hold them to account. In the Ju/’hoan case this is best reflected in the traditional practice of ***“insulting the hunter’s meat.”***

Suzman, James. Work (p. 162). Penguin Publishing Group

With Musk, Biden is here just using an old, proven, hunter-gatherers' method to get booming young hunters in line 😎:

https://news.yahoo.com/elon-musk-said-voted-biden-110900121.html

“Yes, when a young man kills much meat he comes to think of himself as a chief or a big man, and he thinks of the rest of us as his servants or inferiors,” one Kalahari hunter told the anthropologist Richard B Lee in 1968. “We can’t accept this. We refuse one who boasts, for someday his pride will make him kill somebody. So we always speak of his meat as worthless."

https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2019/dec/12/humans-were-not-centre-stage-ancient-cave-art-painting-lascaux-chauvet-altamira

Some authors consider the #TuringTest not a good test for finding out if an #AI is really “intelligent” because the test is "*purely behavioral*" and looks only at responses without investigating the mechanisms that produced them.

I think that asking for the "mechanisms" would in fact introduce unnecessary bias and invalidate the test. The test is solid in principle, it is just that we have to come up with some better test cases (scenarios).

#Meaning is usually described with #VectorSpace #Semantics as in the article below comparing the works from #CAShannon and #AMTuring:

https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1093/bjps/axx029

Basically, what vector space semantics says is that the meaning of a message depends on the #Context provided by the sender's and the receiver's #DynamicalSystem #Knowledge #State.

As they are two different physical entities they will obviously be in different states, so the two meaning can never be *exactly* the same.

>"Shannon's theory of information ignores #meaning. In his communications study, he was only interested in whether the bits transmitted reduce the #uncertainty in a receiver about the sender's state"

Or reducing the uncertainty about what the sender was **meaning** to say?😀

https://aeon.co/essays/what-can-schrodingers-cat-say-about-3d-printers-on-mars

How to pronounce #Kihbernetics (from greek κυβερνήτης - governor)

https://forvo.com/word/%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%B2%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82/

>One of the main themes of the present book is the confrontation
between Norbert Wiener and John von Neumann, Wiener embodying the ideas of control, mastery, and design, von Neumann the ideas of complexity and self-organization. Cybernetics never succeeded in resolving the tension, indeed the contradiction, between these two perspectives; more specifically, it never managed to give a satisfactory answer to the problems involved in realizing its ambition of *designing* an autonomous, self-organizing machine.

>"The aim of cognitive science always was - and still is today- the mechanization of the mind, not the humanization of the machine."

*Jean-Pierre Dupuy*
***The Mechanization of the Mind:***
*On the Origins of Cognitive Science*
https://www.google.ca/books/edition/On_the_Origins_of_Cognitive_Science/gDoiEAAAQBAJ

Ashby's principle of requisite #variety states, in fact, that the variety of the #controlling system must be large at least as the variety of the #controlled system .

As an *external* #observer can never have the full picture of the *internal* variety of states the controlled system can find itself in, it is obvious that, for control to be #effective, the controller must be an integral part of the same self-organized (controlled) #system.

People often interpret *Ashby’s Law* (after W. Ross Ashby) as if the *system*'s internal states must have the ***same level of variety*** as its *environment* in order to survive, which implies that the system should be able to *respond* (react) to every little disturbance from the environment.

This is not completely true because, on the lowest, #regulation, level, the system blocks #variety from an (environmental) #disturbance reaching the (internal, system protected) #EssentialVariables in two ways:

1️⃣ #Passive isolation (sheltering) from most environmental disturbances, and

2️⃣ #Active reaction to (parring with) the remaining disturbance that managed to *break through* this passive protection.

from "Intro to #Cybernetics"
http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/ASHBBOOK.html

Except for the fact that nothing in the content of the article explains the preposterous title of **Known Unknowables** (*if a thing is unknowable how can one know about it?*) the article is an excellent read about the evolution of #skepticism or what #Maturana calls ***Objectivity in Parentheses***.

https://aeon.co/essays/four-scepticisms-what-we-can-know-about-what-we-cant-know

Natural #Language evolves from #Thinking, not the other way around, so it is rather naive to expect #Artificial_Intelligence may somehow "spring out" from a #LLM, no matter how good they become at producing sophisticated and grammatically correct wordings.

https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2023/01/chatgpt-ai-language-human-computer-grammar-logic/672902/

Stages of #Learning according to #Kihbernetics:

4️⃣ #Unconscious Incompetence: I think that I know what I'm doing, but I don't;
3️⃣ Conscious #Incompetence: I know that I don’t know;
2️⃣ #Conscious Competence: I know that I know;
1️⃣ Unconscious #Competence: I am doing it without thinking.