arXiv Math @arxiv_math@qoto.org

Starting from the well-known relationship $|{\mathrm{e}}^z| = {\mathrm{e}}^{{\mathrm Re}(z)}$, we consider the question whether $|E_{α,β}(z)|$ and $E_{α,β}({\mathrm Re}(z))$ are comparable, as functions of the complex variable $z$, where $E_{α,β}$ denotes the two-parameter Mittag-Leffler function, a generalization of the exponential function. For some ranges of the parameters $α$ and $β$ we prove inequalities between $|E_{α,β}(z)|$ and $E_{α,β}({\mathrm Re}(z))$ holding globally for all $z\in \mathbb{C}$. In some other ranges of $α$ and $β$ the same inequalities are proved to hold asymptotically, i.e. for sufficiently small or large $z$. There are moreover some values of $α$ and $β$ for which the situation is less clear, and some conjectures, motivated by numerical observations, are proposed.

This paper concerns the initial boundary value problem of three-dimensional inhomogeneous incompressible liquid crystal flows with density-dependent viscosity. When the viscosity coefficient $μ(ρ)$ is a power function of the density with the power larger than $1$, that is $μ(ρ)=μρ^α$ with $α>1$, it is proved that the system exists a unique global strong solution as long as the initial density is sufficiently large and $L^3$-norm of the derivative of the initial director is sufficiently small. This is the first result concerning the global strong solution for three-dimensional inhomogeneous liquid crystal flows without smallness of velocity.

Systems with predetermined Lyapunov functions play an important role in many areas of applied mathematics, physics and engineering: dynamic optimization methods (objective functions and their modifications), machine learning (loss functions), thermodynamics and kinetics (free energy and other thermodynamic potentials), adaptive control (various objective functions, stabilization quality criteria and other Lyapunov functions). Dimensionality reduction is one of the main challenges in the modern era of big data and big models. Dimensionality reduction for systems with Lyapunov functions requires it preserving dissipativity: the reduced system must also have a Lyapunov function, which is expected to be a restriction of the original Lyapunov function on the manifold of the reduced motion. An additional complexity of the problem is that the equations of motion themselves are often unknown in detail in advance and must be determined in the course of the study, while the Lyapunov function could be determined based on incomplete data. Therefore, the projection problem arises: for a given Lyapunov function, find a field of projectors such that the reduction of it any dissipative system is again a dissipative system. In this paper, we present an explicit construction of such projectors and prove their uniqueness. We have also taken the first step beyond the approximation by manifolds. This is required in many applications. For this purpose, we introduce the concept of monotone trees and find a projection of dissipative systems onto monotone trees that preserves dissipativity.

Differentially positive systems are the nonlinear systems whose linearization along trajectories preserves a cone field on a smooth Riemannian manifold. One of the embryonic forms for cone fields in reality is originated from the general relativity. Out of a set of measure zero, we show that almost every orbits will converge to equilibrium. This solved a reduced version (from a measure-theoretic perspective) of Forni-Sepulchre's conjecture in 2016 for globally orderable manifolds.

In this paper, we introduce the quantitative coarse Baum-Connes conjecture with coefficients (or QCBC, for short) for proper metric spaces which refines the coarse Baum-Connes conjecture. And we prove that QCBC is derived by the coarse Baum-Connes conjecture with coefficients which provides many examples satisfying QCBC. In the end, we show QCBC can be reduced to the uniformly quantitative coarse Baum-Connes conjecture with coefficients of a sequence of bounded metric spaces.

A $d$-subgroup of a lattice-ordered group ($\ell$-group) $G$ is a subgroup that contains the principal polars generated by each of its elements. We call $G$ a Martinez $\ell$-group if every convex $\ell$-subgroup of $G$ is a $d$-subgroup (equivalently: $G(a)=a^{\perp \perp}$ for every $a \in G$); known examples include all hyperarchimedean $\ell$-groups and all existentially closed abelian $\ell$-groups. This paper gives new characterizations of the Martinez $\ell$-groups, shows that the abelian Martinez $\ell$-groups form a radical class, investigates a related type of archimedean $\ell$-group called a Yosida $\ell$-group, and uses an analogue of a construction from ring theory, and other methods, to produce new examples of Martinez $\ell$-groups with special properties.

We propose and analyse a model predictive control (MPC) strategy tailored for networks of underwater agents tasked with maintaining formation while following a shared path and using acoustic communication channels. The strategy accommodates both time-division and frequency-division medium access schemes, and addresses the inherent challenges of lossy and broadcast communication over acoustic media. Our approach extends an existing distributed control algorithm originally assuming standard double precision in exchanged data, and designed for synchronous, bidirectional, and reliable communication. Here we introduce adaptations for handling broadcast asynchronous communication, for mitigating packet losses, and for quantising exchanged data. These modifications are general and intended to be applicable to other distributed control schemes that were developed under idealised assumptions. Our goal is thus to help facilitating deployment also of other control schemes in practical field conditions. We provide simulation results that quantify the impact of these adaptations on the performance of the original controller, along with sensitivity analyses on how performance losses are influenced by key hyperparameters. Additionally, we characterise the data rate savings vs. control performance losses that may be achieved through tuning such hyperparameters, showcasing the feasibility of implementing the proposed strategy for practical purposes using commercially available full-duplex or half-duplex modems.

We prove a lower bound for the exponent of the relative class group $\mathrm{Pic}^0 X_1/ϕ^* \mathrm{Pic}^0 X_2$ for a covering of curves $X_1 \to X_2$ over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$. The results improve on the existing best bounds (due to Stichtenoth) in the case $X_2=\mathbb{P}^1$, when the relative class group equals the class group of the function field $\mathbb{F}_q(X_1)$, and are completely new for the genuinely relative situation.

We comprehensively study weighted projective Reed-Muller (WPRM) codes on weighted projective planes $\mathbb{P}(1,a,b)$. We provide the universal Gröbner basis for the vanishing ideal of the set $Y$ of $\mathbb{F}_q$--rational points of $\mathbb{P}(1,a,b)$ to get the dimension of the code. We determine the regularity set of $Y$ using a novel combinatorial approach. We employ footprint techniques to compute the minimum distance.

We put into light the Killing vector fields on $\mathbb R^2$ endowed with a family of diagonal Riemannian metrics. According to certain restrictions on the Lamé coefficients, we concretely describe the symmetries of the metric.

We investigate the inhomogeneous boundary value problem for elliptic and parabolic equations in divergence form in the half space $\{x_d > 0\}$, where the coefficients are measurable, singular or degenerate, and depend only on $x_d$. The boundary data are considered in Besov spaces of distributions with negative orders of differentiability in the range $(-1,0]$. The solution spaces are weighted Sobolev spaces with power weights that decay rapidly near the boundary, and are outside the Muckenhoupt $A_p$ class. Sobolev spaces with such weights contain functions that are very singular near the boundary and do not possess a trace on the boundary. Consequently, solutions may not exist for arbitrarily prescribed boundary data and right-hand sides of the equations. We establish a natural structural condition on the right-hand sides of the equations under which the boundary value problem is well-posed.

This is the third paper in a series in which we prove Thurston's conjectural duality between best Lipschitz maps and transverse measures. In the second paper we found a special class of best Lipschitz maps between hyperbolic surfaces (infinity harmonic maps), which induce dual Lie algebra valued transverse measures with support on Thurston's canonical lamination. The present paper examines these Lie algebra valued measures in greater detail. For any measured lamination we are led to define a Lie algebra valued measure and conversely every Lie algebra valued transverse measure arrises from this process. Furthermore, we show that such measures are infinitesimal earthquakes. This construction provides a natural correspondence between best Lipschitz maps and earthquakes.

This paper considers the problem of computing the operator norm of a linear map between finite dimensional Hilbert spaces when only evaluations of the linear map are available and under restrictive storage assumptions. We propose a stochastic method of random search type for the maximization of the Rayleigh quotient and employ an exact line search in the random search directions. Moreover, we show that the proposed algorithm converges to the global maximum (the operator norm) almost surely and illustrate the performance of the method with numerical experiments.

This paper presents preliminary work on computing upper bounds on the estimation error covariance in the framework of the extended Kalman filter. The approach taken is using quadratic constraints to bound the dynamic nonlinearities and use of semidefinite programs to find the upper bound of each entry of the estimation error covariance matrix.

This thesis addresses the theory of topological spaces and the foundations of persistence theory. We will discuss chain complexes and the associated simplicial homology groups, as well as their relationship with singular homology theory. Moreover, we present the fundamental concepts of algebraic topology, including exact and short exact sequences and relative homology groups derived from quotienting with subspaces of a topological space. These tools are used to prove the Excision Theorem in algebraic topology. Subsequently, the theorem is applied to demonstrate the equivalence of simplicial and singular homology for triangulable topological spaces, i.e. those topological spaces which admit a simplicial structure. This enables a more general theory of homology to be adopted in the study of filtrations of point clouds. The chapter on homological persistence makes use of these tools throughout. We develop the theory of persistent homology, the homology of filtrations of topological spaces, and the corresponding dual concept of persistent cohomology. This work aims to provide mathematicians with a robust foundation for productive engagement with the aforementioned theories. The majority of the proofs have been rewritten to clarify the relationships between the techniques discussed. The novel aspect of this contribution is the canonical presentation of persistence theory and the associated ideas through a rigorous mathematical treatment for triangulable topological spaces and closing some gaps in the existing literature.

Fejér monotonicity is a well-established property commonly observed in sequences generated by optimization algorithms. In this paper, we introduce an extension of this property, called Fejér* monotonicity, which was initially proposed in [SIAM J. Optim., 34(3), 2535-2556 (2024)]. We discuss and build upon the concept by exploring its behavior within Hilbert spaces, presenting an illustrative example and insightful results regarding weak and strong convergence. We also compare Fejér* monotonicity with other weak notions of Fejér-like monotonicity, to better establish the role of Fejér* monotonicity in optimization algorithms.

We introduce a simple, general, and convergent scheme to compute generalized eigenfunctions of self-adjoint operators with continuous spectra on rigged Hilbert spaces. Our approach does not require prior knowledge about the eigenfunctions, such as asymptotics or other analytic properties. Instead, we carefully sample the range of the resolvent operator to construct smooth and accurate wave packet approximations to generalized eigenfunctions. We prove high-order convergence in key topologies, including weak-star convergence for distributional eigenfunctions, uniform convergence on compact sets for locally smooth generalized eigenfunctions, and convergence in seminorms for separable Frechet spaces, covering the majority of physical scenarios. The method's performance is illustrated with applications to both differential and integral operators, culminating in the computation of spectral measures and generalized eigenfunctions for an operator associated with Poincare's internal waves problem. These computations corroborate experimental results and highlight the method's utility for a broad range of spectral problems in physics.

We introduce a operation on categories enriched in filtered spaces, whose effect is to turn categories of $E_1$-pages into categories of $E_2$-pages. This allows us to give a homotopical versions of several results that were previously implemented using $E_2$-model structures or more sophisticated machinery in higher algebra. We find that we can recover the homotopy theory of spaces from this page-turning operation on the homotopy theory of CW-complexes and filtration-shifting maps, a version of the cellular approximation theorem. In the category of filtered spectra, we show that this implements the procedure on filtered spectra sending the homotopy exact couple to its associated derived couple. Finally, we recover Pstragowski's category of synthetic spectra from applying this page-turning operation to the category of filtered modules over a spectral version of the Rees ring.

We study two dimensional and three dimensional tropical subrepresentations of the regular representation $\mathbb{B}[G]$ of a finite group over the tropical booleans, utilizing the theory of group representations over a fixed idempotent semifield as developed by Giansiracusa--Manaker. In dimension two we completely classify all two dimensional tropical subrepresentations of $\mathbb{B}[G]$, provide an explicit characterization for the set of bases of the corresponding matroids, and show an equivalence with the subgroups of $G$. In dimension three we show such an equivalence no longer holds. Towards a classification in dimension three we give a collection of tropical subrepresentations corresponding to subgroups of index 2, and we show that in the special case of finite cyclic groups, one can find three dimensional tropical subrepresentations that do not correspond to subgroups in a similar way.

In this paper, we consider a differential stochastic zero-sum game in which two players intervene by adopting impulse controls in a finite time horizon. We provide a numerical solution as an approximation of the value function, which turns out to be the same for both players. While one seeks to maximize the value function, the other seeks to minimize it. Thus we find a single numerical solution for the Nash equilibrium as well as the optimal impulse controls strategy pair for both player based on the classical Policy Iteration (PI) algorithm. Then, we perform a rigorous convergence analysis on the approximation scheme where we prove that it converges to its corresponding viscosity solution as the discretization step approaches zero, and under certain conditions. We showcase our algorithm by implementing a two-player almost analytically solvable game in which the players act through impulse control and compete over the exchange rate.