Bibliolater 📚📜🖋 @bibliolater@qoto.org

"Our approach consists of a pipeline with two components: a sign detector and a wedge detector. The sign detector uses a RepPoints model with a ResNet18 backbone to locate individual cuneiform characters in the tablet segment image. The signs are then cropped based on the sign locations and fed into the wedge detector. The wedge detector is based on the idea of Point RCNN approach. It uses a Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) and RoI Align to predict the positions and classes of the wedges. The method is evaluated using different hyperparameters, and post-processing techniques such as Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS) are applied for refinement."

Stötzner E., Homburg T., Bullenkamp J.P. & Mara H. R-CNN based Polygonal Wedge Detection Learned from Annotated 3D Renderings and Mapped Photographs of Open Data Cuneiform Tablets. GCH 2023 - Eurographics Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2312/gch.20231157 #Research #Science #AI #ArtificialIntelligence #Archaeology #Cuneiform #ComputerScience #Modeling @science @archaeodons

🇲🇳 " We observed that our studied Mongolians were structured into three distinct genetic clusters possessing different genetic affinity with previous studied Inner Mongolians and Mongols and various Eastern and Western Eurasian ancestries: two subgroups harbored dominant Eastern Eurasian ancestry from Neolithic millet farmers of Yellow River Basin; another subgroup derived Eastern Eurasian ancestry primarily from Neolithic hunter-gatherers of North Asia."

Yang X, Sarengaowa, He G, Guo J, Zhu K, Ma H, Zhao J, Yang M, Chen J, Zhang X, Tao L, Liu Y, Zhang X-F and Wang C-C (2021) Genomic Insights Into the Genetic Structure and Natural Selection of Mongolians. Front. Genet. 12:735786. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.735786 #OpenAccess #OA #Science #Research #Mongolia #Mongolian #Genetics #Anthropology #Population #Asia #STEM #Academia #Academic #Academics @science @anthropology

"The Arctic is warming at almost 4 times the global average rate. Here we reframe this amplified Arctic warming in terms of global climate ambition to show that without Arctic amplification, the world would breach the Paris Agreement's 1.5 and 2 ∘C limits 5 and 8 years later, respectively."

Duffey, A., Mallett, R., Irvine, P. J., Tsamados, M., and Stroeve, J.: ESD Ideas: Arctic amplification's contribution to breaches of the Paris Agreement, Earth Syst. Dynam., 14, 1165–1169, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-1165-2023, 2023. #Research #Paper #Climate #ClimateChange #Science #Arctic #Polar #ClimateCrisis @science

"The industrialisation and commercialisation of food have transformed our diets, whereby most of our calories now come from an entirely novel set of substances. Ultra Processed Food (UPF) now makes up 60% of the average diet in the UK and USA. It is highly processed, highly addictive, and largely unhealthy." https://youtu.be/5QOTBreQaIk #Youtube #Video #Science #Food #Diet #Health @science

"In this talk, Professor Budd will describe how these models work and the assumptions that go into them. He will discuss how reliable our predictions of climate change are, and show how mathematicians can give us insights into both past and future." https://youtu.be/w4O4jK-lZrI #Youtube #Video #Climate #ClimateChange #Science #Maths #Math #Mathematics #Lecture

Engineered yeast breaks new record: a genome with over 50% synthetic DNA https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-03495-4 #Science #Biology #Genetics #DNA #Genomics @science @biology

🇮🇷 "The results show an autochthonous but non-homogeneous ancient background mainly composed by J2a sub-clades with different external contributions. The phylogeography of the main haplogroups allowed identifying post-glacial and Neolithic expansions toward western Eurasia but also recent movements towards the Iranian region from western Eurasia (R1b-L23), Central Asia (Q-M25), Asia Minor (J2a-M92) and southern Mesopotamia (J1-Page08)."

Grugni V, Battaglia V, Hooshiar Kashani B, Parolo S, Al-Zahery N, et al. (2012) Ancient Migratory Events in the Middle East: New Clues from the Y-Chromosome Variation of Modern Iranians. PLOS ONE 7(7): e41252. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041252 #OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #Science #Biology #Genetics #Ancient #Neolithic #DNA #Iran #MiddleEast #Eurasia #Europe #Academia #Academic #Academics @science

"Here we analyze historical and recent observations to show that ocean heat uptake has accelerated dramatically since the 1990s, nearly doubling during 2010–2020 relative to 1990–2000."

Li, Z., England, M.H. & Groeskamp, S. Recent acceleration in global ocean heat accumulation by mode and intermediate waters. Nat Commun 14, 6888 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42468-z #OpenAccess #OA #Article #Science #Climate #ClimateChange #Oceanography #Ocean #Oceans #Academia #Academic #Academics @science

#Image attribution: Anastasia Taioglou, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons.
Page URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ocean_surface.webp

"We present 14 new ancient mitogenome sequences from pre-Phoenician (~1800 BCE) and Phoenician (~700–400 BCE) samples from Lebanon (n = 4) and Sardinia (n = 10) and compare these with 87 new complete mitogenomes from modern Lebanese and 21 recently published pre-Phoenician ancient mitogenomes from Sardinia to investigate the population dynamics of the Phoenician (Punic) site of Monte Sirai, in southern Sardinia."

Matisoo-Smith E, Gosling AL, Platt D, Kardailsky O, Prost S, et al. (2018) Ancient mitogenomes of Phoenicians from Sardinia and Lebanon: A story of settlement, integration, and female mobility. PLOS ONE 13(1): e0190169. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190169 #OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #Science #Neolithic #Archaeology #Lebanon #Europe #Genomics #Biology #Genetics #Academia #Academic #Academics @science

#Image: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190169.g001

"We have combined a detailed, high-resolution mitogenome analysis with summaries of autosomal data and Y-chromosome lineages to establish a settlement chronology for the Indian Subcontinent."

Silva, M., Oliveira, M., Vieira, D. et al. A genetic chronology for the Indian Subcontinent points to heavily sex-biased dispersals. BMC Evol Biol 17, 88 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-0936-9 #OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #Science #Biology #DNA #India #Neolithic #IndoEuropean #Genetics #Academia #Academic #Academics @science

"In the context of European populations, and particularly in Iberia, this haplogroup stands out for its high frequency and its demographic history. Current evidence indicates that the diffusion of this haplogroup is related to the population movements that mark the cultural Bronze Age transition, making it remarkably interesting for population geneticists."

García-Fernández, C., Lizano, E., Telford, M. et al. Y-chromosome target enrichment reveals rapid expansion of haplogroup R1b-DF27 in Iberia during the Bronze Age transition. Sci Rep 12, 20708 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25200-7 #OpenAccess #OA #Article #Science #Biology #Anthropology #Genomics #Phylogenomics #Population #Genetics #PopulationGenetics #Iberia #Europe #BronzeAge #Academia #Academic #Academics @science @anthropology

"Here, we survey the genomic evidence for human dispersals during the Holocene in various geographic regions of the world, focusing on proposed expansions linked to agriculture."

Stoneking, M. et al. (2023) 'Genomic perspectives on human dispersals during the Holocene,' Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 120(4). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2209475119. #OpenAccess #OA #Anthropology #Science #Genomics #Holocene #Humans #Genetics #Academia #Academic #Academics @anthropology @science

"Our study demonstrates a direct genetic link between Mediterranean and Central European early farmers and those of Greece and Anatolia, extending the European Neolithic migratory chain all the way back to southwestern Asia."

Hofmanová, Z. et al. (2016) 'Early farmers from across Europe directly descended from Neolithic Aegeans,' Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(25), pp. 6886–6891. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1523951113. #OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #Science #Anthropology #Palaeogenetics #Genetics #Biology #Population #PopulationGenetics #Archaeology #Europe #Greece #Neolithic #Asia #Academia #Academic #Academics @anthropology @science @archaeodons

"We analyzed a comprehensive autosomal and Y-chromosome dataset of Eurasian and African populations identifying genetic signals of regional LGP population isolation, and contrasted expansion time estimates and dispersal routes in the region with archaeological, palaeontological, palaeobotanical, and climate data."

Platt, D., Haber, M., Dagher-Kharrat, M. et al. Mapping Post-Glacial expansions: The Peopling of Southwest Asia. Sci Rep 7, 40338 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep40338 #OpenAccess #OA #Article #Science #Genetics #Population #PopulationGenetics #Biology #Archaeology #Asia #Academia #Academic #Academics @science @archaeodons

"In this article, after briefly describing the meaning of the notion of truth, I have tried to analyse the relation between value and science in detail and provide an explanation for the present-day hypertrophic, rigid, and not reality-bound value system and its ideological penetration into science and medicine."

Bikfalvi, A. (2023). The Notion of Truth in Sciences and Medicine, Why it Matters and Why We Must Defend It. European Review, 31(5), 498-509. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1062798723000261 #OpenAccess #OA #Journal #Article #Philosophy #Science #PhilosophyOfScience #Truth #History #Academia #Academic #Academics #Europe @philosophy @philosophyofscience @science

"Friction determines whether liquid droplets slide off a solid surface or stick to it. Surface heterogeneity is generally acknowledged as the major cause of increased contact angle hysteresis and contact line friction of droplets. Here we challenge this long-standing premise for chemical heterogeneity at the molecular length scale."

Lepikko, S., Jaques, Y.M., Junaid, M. et al. Droplet slipperiness despite surface heterogeneity at molecular scale. Nat. Chem. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41557-023-01346-3 #OpenAccess #OA #Journal #Article #Science #Chemistry #Physics #Academia #Academic #Academics @science

"We propose that this process of lithosphere growth—with diamonds attached to the supercontinent keel by the diapiric uprise of depleted buoyant material and pieces of slab crust—could have enhanced supercontinent stability."

Timmerman, S., Stachel, T., Koornneef, J.M. et al. Sublithospheric diamond ages and the supercontinent cycle. Nature (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06662-9 #OpenAccess #OA #Journal #Article #Geochemistry #Science #Mineralogy #Diamonds #Academia #Academic #Academics @science

"Sixty-three skeletons from the Pre Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) sites of Tell Halula, Tell Ramad and Dja'de El Mughara dating between 8,700–6,600 cal. B.C. were analyzed, and 15 validated mitochondrial DNA profiles were recovered. In order to estimate the demographic contribution of the first farmers to both Central European and Western Mediterranean Neolithic cultures, haplotype and haplogroup diversities in the PPNB sample were compared using phylogeographic and population genetic analyses to available ancient DNA data from human remains belonging to the Linearbandkeramik-Alföldi Vonaldiszes Kerámia and Cardial/Epicardial cultures."

Fernández E, Pérez-Pérez A, Gamba C, Prats E, Cuesta P, et al. (2014) Ancient DNA Analysis of 8000 B.C. Near Eastern Farmers Supports an Early Neolithic Pioneer Maritime Colonization of Mainland Europe through Cyprus and the Aegean Islands. PLOS Genetics 10(6): e1004401. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1004401 #OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #Science #Genetics #Neolithic #Europe #Cyprus #DNA #Paleogenetics #Ancient #Phylogeography #Anthropology #Migration #Migrants #Colonization #Academia #Academic #Academics @science @anthropology

🇮🇪 "The Neolithic and Bronze Age transitions were profound cultural shifts catalyzed in parts of Europe by migrations, first of early farmers from the Near East and then Bronze Age herders from the Pontic Steppe. However, a decades-long, unresolved controversy is whether population change or cultural adoption occurred at the Atlantic edge, within the British Isles."

Cassidy, L.M. et al. (2015) 'Neolithic and Bronze Age migration to Ireland and establishment of the insular Atlantic genome,' Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(2), pp. 368–373. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518445113. #OpenAccess #OA #Journal #Research #Article #Science #Ancient #DNA #aDNA #Genomics #PopulationGenetics #Population #Genetics #Archaeology #Ireland #Irish #Europe #Neolithic #BronzeAge #Academia #Academic #Academics @science @archaeodons

🇵🇱 "Results showed that the level of differentiation within Polish population is quite low, but some differences were indicated. It was confirmed that the Polish population is characterized by a high degree of homogeneity, with only slight genetic differences being observed at the regional level."

Grochowalski, Ł. et al. (2020) 'Y-Chromosome Genetic analysis of modern Polish population,' Frontiers in Genetics, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.567309. #OpenAccess #OA #Science #Research #Polish #Population #Poland #Europe #Genetics #Analysis #Biology #Anthropology @science @anthropology