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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋 boosted
John Carlos Baez

If you could watch an individual water molecule, about once in 10 hours it would do this!

As it bounces around, every so often it hits another water molecule hard enough enough for one to steal a hydrogen nucleus - that is, a proton - from the other!

The water molecule with the missing proton is called a hydroxide ion, OH⁻. The one with an extra proton is called a hydronium ion, H₃O⁺.

This process is called the 'autoionization' of water. Thanks to this, roughly one in ten million molecules in a glass of water are actually OH⁻ or H₃O⁺, not the H₂O you expect.

And this explains why water conducts electricity so well. Let's watch.

(1/2)

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋 boosted
Jeff Jarvis

"In this paper, we formalize the problem and show that it is impossible to eliminate hallucination in LLMs."
Hallucination is Inevitable: An Innate Limitation of Large Language Models
arxiv.org/pdf/2401.11817

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

<strong>The Genomic History of the Bronze Age Southern Levant</strong>

"_We find that Levant-related modern populations typically have substantial ancestry coming from populations related to the Chalcolithic Zagros and the Bronze Age Southern Levant. These groups also harbor ancestry from sources we cannot fully model with the available data, highlighting the critical role of post-Bronze-Age migrations into the region over the past 3,000 years._"

doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.04

@archaeodons

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

<strong>The origin of every European country's name</strong>

"_attempt to explain the origin of every European country's name in English!_"

length: twenty three minutes and thirty nine seconds

youtube.com/watch?v=2Pcv2ySMi4

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

🇳🇴 <strong>Inside the Extreme Plan to Refreeze the Arctic | WSJ Future of Everything</strong>

"_A method normally used to create ice-skating rinks is now coming to the rescue of melting sea ice in the Arctic. Since satellite records began in 1979, summer Arctic sea ice has shrunk by around 13% per decade. Could making more ice be a potential solution to this issue?_"

length: eight minutes and eighteen seconds.

youtube.com/watch?v=7ebVUj2lh9

@science @climatechange @environment

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

@UlrikeHahn @ai Once again in agreement the sterile conditions of an academic setting do not always best represent the wide breadth of human responses.

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

@UlrikeHahn @ai In agreement with you regarding an empirical basis needed for assumptions.

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋 boosted
Ulrike Hahn

@bibliolater @ai the other thing maybe worth note is that taking participant responses in the highly constrained pragmatic context of a psych experiment to reflect the full breadth of human responding is a bit misleading. It’s an interesting question how LLMs without pretraining or finetuning respond to experimental questions, but a better comparison might be with data from asking those questions of random shoppers at a mall if “breadth of answer” is of interest

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋 boosted
Ulrike Hahn

@bibliolater @ai minor comment: the LLM data are not being compared to multiple responses by a single person on the same task as that is not a general feature of the primary human experimental literature involved. So, as far as I can make out, the levels of human self-consistency are simply imputed/assumed. Doesn’t mean the difference isn’t there, just that the empirical basis seems somewhat anecdotal.

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

<strong>(Ir)rationality and cognitive biases in large language models</strong>

"_First, the responses given by the LLMs often display incorrect reasoning that differs from cognitive biases observed in humans. This may mean errors in calculations, or violations to rules of logic and probability, or simple factual inaccuracies. Second, the inconsistency of responses reveals another form of irrationality—there is significant variation in the responses given by a single model for the same task._"

Macmillan-Scott Olivia and Musolesi Mirco. 2024 (Ir)rationality and cognitive biases in large language models R. Soc. Open Sci. 11: 240255. doi.org/10.1098/rsos.240255

@ai

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋 boosted
Benjamin Carr, Ph.D. 👨🏻‍💻🧬

U.S. #TreasurySecretary #JanetYellen will warn that the use of #AI in #finance could lower transaction costs, but carries "significant risks," according to excerpts from a speech to be delivered on Thursday.
"Specific vulnerabilities may arise from the complexity and opacity of AI models, inadequate risk management frameworks to account for AI risks and interconnections that emerge as many market participants rely on the same data and models," - #Yellen
reuters.com/business/finance/y

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋 boosted
Eric Topol

RNA has taken center stage, with remarkable versatility, such as >400 drugs approved and many more to come.
My conversation with Tom Cech, Nobel laureate, pioneer of RNA biology, with a new book called THE CATALYST, w/transcript
erictopol.substack.com/p/tom-c

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋 boosted
Terence Tao

Talks are now available at ias.edu/video/new-bounds-large ias.edu/video/new-bounds-large

The new progress can be summarized by the following chain of implications (see James' talk for some more detail):

Riemann Hypothesis
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v
Lindelof Hypothesis
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v
Density Hypothesis
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v
Guth-Maynard zero-density estimate <- we are here
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v
1940 Ingham zero density estimate
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v
"Trivial" bound from Riemann-von Mangoldt formula

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

@Smrki I agree that deindustrialization is not only problematic but myopic and counterproductive in the long run. It has not worked out well for many.

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

Does it always have to end in corporate greed?

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

🇳🇴 <strong>Norwegian farmer finds 1,000-year-old Viking sword on family farm</strong>

"_X-ray scans of the sword revealed outlines of rare inscriptions with a cross pattern and the likely presence of letters on the blade._

_Based on these inscriptions, scientists said it could be a so-called Vlfberht sword, produced during the Viking Age or the early Middle Ages between 900 and 1050AD._"

independent.co.uk/news/science

@science @archaeodons

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

<strong>Medieval Mongolian Writing: How Much Survives?</strong>

"_This video looks at the history of writing amongst the Mongols and other nomadic peoples, with special focus on the writing of Mongolian during the days of the Mongol Empire._"

length: twenty two minutes and forty one seconds.

youtube.com/watch?v=W5_UFOo1uP

@histodon @histodons @medievodons

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

<strong>Indo-European Syntax (with Danny Bate)</strong>

length: one hour and forty minutes

youtube.com/watch?v=rlQU2p_u4L

@linguistics

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

<strong>Episode 297 – The Rise and Rise of Nicaea</strong>

"_With the Bulgarians and Turks hobbled by the Mongols the field is clear for Nicaea. John Vatatzes annexes a huge swathe of European territory and is widely recognised as the true Roman Emperor._"

shows.acast.com/b53d3462-8bc8-

@histodon @histodons

attribution: Claus Grünstäudl w18, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons. Page URL: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

@Smrki @economics What do you think about the question raised in the video namely that traditional methods are make the Japanese economy inefficent?

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