#MucosalImmunology

'A subset of regulatory T cells expressing the transcription factor RORγ decreased in frequency in the colon and cecum after activation of spinal sensory neurons expressing the pain receptor Trpv1. These neurons communicated with the T cells directly through the calcitonin gene–related peptide.'
#Immunology #MucosalImmunology
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk1679

'Here, we established a mouse model of sexual dimorphism during GI colonization by MRSA. Our results show that in contrast to male mice that were susceptible to persistent colonization, female mice rapidly cleared MRSA from the GI tract following oral inoculation in a manner dependent on the gut microbiota.'
#Immunology #Preprint #MucosalImmunology

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.17.603994v1

"A diverse set of pulmonary inflammatory stimuli, including resolved antecedent respiratory infections with S. aureus or influenza, ongoing pulmonary M. tuberculosis infection, ovalbumin/alum-induced asthma or airway administration of defined TLR ligands and recombinant cytokines, all establish an antiviral state in the lung that restricts SARS-CoV-2 replication upon infection."
#covid19 #Covid #Virology #Immunology #MucosalImmunology #Preprint

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.27.586885v1

"Here we show that deletion of ST2, the receptor for interleukin (IL)-33, on Treg cells increased granulocyte influx into the lung and increased cytokine production by innate lymphoid and γδ T cells without alteration of adaptive immunity to influenza."
#immunology #MucosalImmunology

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-023-01655-2

'Although mouse and human MAIT cell transcriptomes showed similarities for immature cells in the thymus, they diverged more strikingly in the periphery. Analysis of pet store mice demonstrated decreased lung MAIT17 cells in these so-called “dirty” mice, indicative of an environmental influence on MAIT cell subsets and function.'

#Immunology #MucosalImmunology

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciimmunol.abn8531?utm_medium=ownedSocial&utm_source=Twitter&utm_campaign=SciImmunology

"Although type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) were not required for initial priming of CD4+ T cells, cDC1s were required for CD4+ T cell expansion and gut homing. cDC1s were also a major source of IL-12 that was not required for priming but promoted full differentiation of CD4+ T cells and local production of IFN-γ. Together, these studies reveal distinct roles for cDC1s in shaping CD4+ T cell responses to enteric infection: first to drive early expansion in the mesLN and second to drive effector responses in the gut."
#InfectionImmunity #Immunology #MucosalImmunology #parasitology #Preprint

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.11.566669v1

"Despite the high success of the current COVID-19 vaccines, there are several limitations, including their reduced effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 VoCs, short duration of protection, inability to induce a mucosal immune response to protect the airways, and high cost of production or distribution (11, 12). Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop the next generation of intranasal COVID-19 vaccines which induce durable and broadly protective immunity, both in the airways and systemically."

#covid #covid19 #vaccine #immunology #MucosalImmunology

https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2220403120

The lung mycobiome & anti-tumor immunity

"Our study revealed that the intratumor mycobiome, albeit at low biomass, plays an important role in stimulating the immunosuppressive TME and thereby promotes lung tumor progression and is associated with poor patient outcome."
#Immunology #MucosalImmunology

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S153561082300288X

"Salmonella Typhimurium mutants for spermidine transport and synthesis cannot mount an antioxidative response, resulting in high intracellular ROS levels. These mutants are also compromised in their ability to be phagocytosed by macrophages"

#Microbiology #Preprint #Salmonella #MucosalImmunology #immunology

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.29.560257v1?med=mas

'Here, we have shown that IgA B cell receptor (BCR) is required for B cell fitness during the germinal center (GC) reaction in Peyer’s patches (PPs) and for generation of gut-homing plasma cells (PCs).'

#Immunology #MucosalImmunology

https://www.cell.com/immunity/fulltext/S1074-7613(23)00374-6

"Here we find, in a clinical cohort of at-risk infants, broad spectrum antibiotic treatment, including cephalosporins, increased the risk of late-onset sepsis in neonates in comparison to penicillin base treatments"
#Preprint #Immunology #MucosalImmunology

https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.04.23295031v1

'Although infection and these translocated effector proteins are restricted to intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), type I dendritic cells (cDC1) were required to generate CD8+ T cell responses to these model antigens.'

#Preprint #Immunology #HostPathogen #MucosalImmunology

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.16.553566v1

"Patients with Crohn’s disease have increased levels of anti-S. cerevisiae antibodies (which detect mannan, a common component of the fungal cell wall. Measurement of these antibodies can be used to distinguish between Crohn’s disease & ulcerative colitis"
#Immunology #MucosalImmunology

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41575-023-00816-w?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter

'In conclusion, mitochondrial perturbation of the epithelium causes dysbiotic expansion of Bacteroides spp., supporting the concept that microbe-host cross-talk contributes to metabolic injury in intestinal inflammation.'

#Preprint #HostPathogen #metabolism #Immunology #MucosalImmunology

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.27.549844v1

'We show here that lipid-mediated engagement of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells with enterochromaffin (EC) cells, a subset of intestinal epithelial cells, promoted peripheral serotonin (5-HT) release via a CD1d-dependent manner, regulating gut motility and hemostasis.'

#Immunology #MucosalImmunology #Neuroimmunology

https://www.cell.com/immunity/fulltext/S1074-7613(23)00236-4

“Overall, this paper shows for the first time a unique population of macrophages that emerges specifically during lactation and is of interest to immunologists, particularly macrophage biologists."

#Immunology #Macrophage #MucosalImmunology

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-023-01531-z

'Here, we aimed to understand how closely related strains with overlapping metabolic capacities can co-bloom (i.e., both strains reaching high densities) in the mammalian gut and how this promotes the spread of antibiotic resistance plasmids.'

#HostPathogen #microbiology #mucosalimmunology

https://www.cell.com/cell-host-microbe/fulltext/S1931-3128(23)00222-6

There's more to gasdermin than just proptosis.

'Our study supports that differential cleavage of GSDMD can be understood as a regulatory hub controlling immunity versus tolerance in the small intestine.'
#Immunology #mucosalimmunology

https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(23)00577-9

Molecular atlas for Crohn's disease & ulcerative colitis in patients receiving anti-TNF.

'We describe a therapeutic atlas for Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) following anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) therapy. We generated ~1 million single-cell transcriptomes, organised into 109 cell states, from 216 gut biopsies from 38 patients and three controls, revealing disease- and therapy-specific differences.'

#Preprint #IBD #ulcerativecolitis #crohnsdisease #immunology #TNF #immunotherapy #mucosalimmunology

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.05.539635v1

"However, T cell responses to dietary antigen have primarily been characterized using monoclonal T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic systems which do not represent a physiological immune response. Polyclonal CD4+ T cell responses to food, including TCR-specific selection and functional differentiation, remain largely uncharacterized and are critical for understanding mechanisms of tolerance and allergy."
Lockhart, @mucida et al

#Preprint #Immunology #OralTolerance #MucosalImmunology

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.11.536475v1