"#Correlation does not imply causation, but #causation implies a specific pattern of correlations, and that must count for something."
"Testing a #hypothesis is actually not so much about trying to confirm it, but about trying to falsify it."
http://www.the100.ci/2022/11/18/causal-inference-hypothesis-testing-all-at-once/
A #control #hierarchy is just the folded "#flow" of #information.
#Causation is #linear, while #control requres #recursive #feedback loops.
It's interesting that Ashby never uses the phrase "control system" in the book. For him, it seems, the #observer is also the (potential) #controller.
Complexity is in the eye of the beholder (observer)
Ashby: "In this book I use the words “very large” to imply that some definite #observer en, with definite resources and techniques, and that the system (is in) some practical way, too large for him; so that he cannot observe completely, or control it completely, or carry out the calculations for prediction completely. In other words, he says the system (is) “very large” if in some way it beats *him* by its richness and #complexity."
p.62
"#Cybernetics might, in fact, be defined as the study of systems that are open to #energy but closed to #information and
control—systems that are “information-tight”."
W. Ross Ashby (1956): An Introduction to Cybernetics, (Chapman & Hall, London): now available electronically.
My latest post - Cybernetics and the Stoics #cybernetics #Stoicism
The impediment to action advances action. What stands in the way becomes the way
https://harishsnotebook.wordpress.com/2022/11/20/cybernetics-and-the-stoics/
In many senses, I find #qoto sets high standards for communication in #fediverse. You have enabled connected services, allowed 65K characters, you have robust policy, we can use markdown in posts, and you are also very welcoming, responsive, and open community!
The 1, 2, 3, and 4 of #dynamical_systems:
1️⃣ one #system with a purpose
2️⃣ two #processes (linear work and recursive growth)
3️⃣ three #functions (selection, storage, and production)
4️⃣ four #variables (disturbance, difference, control, and output)
#Kihbernetics is the study of #Complex #Dynamical #Systems with #Memory which is quite different from other #SystemsThinking approaches. Kihbernetic theory and principles are derived primarily from these three sources:
1️⃣ #CE_Shannon's theory of #Information and his description of a #Transducer,
2️⃣ #WR_Ashby's #Cybernetics and his concept of #Transformation, and
3️⃣ #HR_Maturana's theory of #Autopoiesis and the resulting #Constructivism
Although equally applicable to any dynamical system with memory (mechanisms, organisms, or organizations) the Kihbernetic worldview originated from my helping navigate organizations through times of #change.