The other day while playing with the Mastodon unique "transfer to another server" feature I must have messed up something because I just realized that after I "returned everything to normal" there are only three followers of my account and selecting the "32 subscribers" tab returns a "Not found" response.
Well ...
Nice job Einstein🤪
#Memory. What is it & how does it work? The word is used for both minds & computers. Where else does it fit? What's its role in emergence & #complexity? 🧵🕸️ In the paper below, @gnoli.eu takes an informational approach to this #liminal stage. link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10699-022-09883-9
Memory as the “organ” that senses time, by Robert Hooke, as quoted by GJ Whitrow (1972) in “The Nature of Time”:
Back in the days (early 2000s) I tried to "sell" to a well-known aerospace company this "three-legged stool" approach of stable continuous organizational #changemanagement, where #sixsigma stands just as one of the many different tools one can choose from in dealing with the different #products of the organization, along with tools and methods more appropriate to deal with the other two aspects of the organization #people and #process.
As one could have expected, those "black belts" on the other side of the table didn't like it 😀.
They went with a strategy where a version of six sigma was used as the "foundation" for all process improvement efforts and everything else was subordinated to it.
#StaffordBeer states the case for a new science of #systemstheory and #cybernetics. Designing Freedom ponders the possibilities of liberty in a cybernetic world.
The 1973 CBC Massey Lectures, "Designing Freedom"
#CBCRadio #radioteledyn #nowplaying
https://www.cbc.ca/radio/ideas/the-1973-cbc-massey-lectures-designing-freedom-1.2946819
"What persists exists" but do minerals really "evolve" the same way life does?
Is #evolution nothing more than #complexification?
Life evolves. So do minerals. How about everything else? | Science | AAAS
https://www.science.org/content/article/life-evolves-so-do-minerals-how-about-everything-else
**Biological Exceptionalism** is the belief that only certain biological systems are uniquely capable of being conscious.
Three key elements grant them this ability:
1️⃣ They are alive and constantly struggling to maintain this unstable equilibrium state.
2️⃣ They construct internal models of their external environment and understand their place within it.
3️⃣ They create models (plans) for the solution of specific problems and can "run" internal "simulations" of multiple such models in their minds before selecting one for implementation.
The "hard problem of consciousness" is characterized as the difficulty of explaining why any physical state is conscious rather than unconscious.
If you regard #consciousness as a #state of #cognition, then there is no "hard problem" as only a tiny part of (top) cognitive processing is actually conscious.
Also, objections from analytic idealism that physicalism attempts to explain experiential qualities (the territory) in terms of physical quantities (the map) are wrong because it is the physical processes in the brain that make the territory and the map is made by the subjective experience of physical quantities (differences).
You can have multiple maps of the same territory.
#Consciousness is a state of #Cognition. Cognition is a necessary condition for #Life, but consciousness isn't. Almost all cognitive processes are unconscious and will become conscious only when there are alternative options available requiring the conscious entity to exercise their #free_will and make a deliberate choice.
Making choices requires an #Environment where deliberation (competition) and #Selection can emerge. For unconscious living beings, the only available environment is the one external to them, where #Evolution happens. Conscious beings, in contrast, have also an additional *internal* #Learning environment where they can make deliberations and choose between competing alternatives more or less independently from what happens outside.
People often "blame" Shannon's theory of #communication for completely ignoring #meaning, maybe also because Shannon himself stated that "*the semantic aspects of communication are irrelevant to the engineering aspects*"😀
However, if one recognizes that the #information content as defined by the #entropy is the measure of #uncertainty in a receiver about the sender's #state when producing the message, can it perhaps be interpreted that the receiver is trying to #understand what the sender was #meaning to send?
The information the sender encodes in the message is never the *same* as that the receiver decodes from it on the other side of the channel.
Below is Shannon's description of the standard #transducer used for encoding and decoding the information in messages. The block diagrams are my rendering of the description (F is a "#memory" function):
1️⃣ Kihbernetic #System with
2️⃣ fundamental #Processes: a recursive #Autopoietic self-production for growth and learning, and a linear #Allopoietic production of "other things", such as behavior and waste, distributed in
3️⃣ Control #Levels, of #Regulation, immersed in, and dealing with things in the system's environment, #Control for managing the workload of different regulators, and #Guidance to provide long-term goals and preserve the identity of the system, all using
4️⃣ #Variables: sensory #Input of data and other resources, motor #Output of behavior, #Information as the difference that will make a difference in the subsequent (updated) #Knowledge state, all interconnecting
5️⃣ #Functions: the #Control-ed #Reaction to external stimuli, the #Perception of sensory states, the #Prediction of the expected outcome of past behavior, and the repeated #Integration of new information into an updated knowledge state.
"#Information is a difference that makes a difference (G. Bateson, 1972, p. 315), and what it ‘‘does’’ or what it means is thus dependent on what is already in place and what alternatives are being distinguished."
(S. Oyama, 2000, p. 3)
https://www.dukeupress.edu/The-Ontogeny-of-Information/
Or, as more clearly defined in #Kihbernetics: #Information is the difference between the results of #Knowledge-based #Prediction (function A) and the #Perception (function B) of sensory inputs that will make a difference once integrated into a new knowledge #state of the dynamical (learning) system.
This brilliant essay by Robert Lawrence Kuhn (@CloserToTruth) about the *landscape* of all the **theories of consciousness** is a highly recommended reading for anyone interested in such things.
#HH_Pattee's *epistemic cut* implies that living organisms at the same time operate on two separate levels of description in complementary modes:
1️⃣ A rate-dependent, dynamic, mode governed by *universal, inexorable, and incorporeal* #laws of physics and chemistry, and
2️⃣ A rate-independent symbolic or linguistic mode of information processing, interpretation, and meaning governed by *local, arbitrary system* #rules
Most theories of #consciousness start with #information while a proper way to address any neural theory of consciousness should be as a #control science because the primary function of the nervous system is not to process information but to control the body.
Most control is internal to the system, a distributed, analog, homeostatic ***unconscious*** #regulation 1️⃣ of essential internal variables that are keeping the body alive and well. None of the mechanisms on this level "cares" about what is happening outside of the body.
Only on the next level do we find the kind of information necessary for the rate-dependent negative #feedback_control mechanisms 2️⃣ keeping some *external* controlled variables within limits engaging (through the use of regulators) in performing whole-body actions (behavior) in the immediate environment. Those actions can be conducted either ***consciously or unconsciously***.
Finally, on the highest level, we have the rate-independent, open loop always ***conscious*** #governance 3️⃣ maintaining the long-term goals and providing stability and direction to the lower level of control that will plan, implement, and track the fulfillment of those goals.
For David Chalmers, virtual reality is genuine reality, at least until lunchtime 😀
#Kihbernetics is the study of #Complex #Dynamical #Systems with #Memory which is quite different from other #SystemsThinking approaches. Kihbernetic theory and principles are derived primarily from these three sources:
1️⃣ #CE_Shannon's theory of #Information and his description of a #Transducer,
2️⃣ #WR_Ashby's #Cybernetics and his concept of #Transformation, and
3️⃣ #HR_Maturana's theory of #Autopoiesis and the resulting #Constructivism
Although equally applicable to any dynamical system with memory (mechanisms, organisms, or organizations) the Kihbernetic worldview originated from my helping navigate organizations through times of #change.