進入網路世紀, 中國特有體驗也從糧票升級到房票了...

"綜合中華網財經等媒體報導,武漢市房管局28日發布「關於加強購房資格管理工作的通知(徵求意見稿)」意見的公告,徵求意見時間至8月6日。這項通知被業界戲稱「武漢進入憑票買房的時代」。"

cna.com.tw/news/acn/2021073000

一邊緊控買方市場一邊賣方破產上升的恐怖房市氣球遊戲...

"亞洲旅宿大數據研究院統計發現,中國近三年聲請破產的房企呈現上升趨勢,二○一九年有三七七家房企宣告破產,二○二○年有四七○家,今年才過七個月,宣告破產房企已達二四九家。

該研究院首席分析師高松元表示,聲請破產的絕大多數為地方型小房企,二四九家中,廣東省數量最多、達四十六家,其次為江蘇的廿一家、浙江二十家;按過去經驗,下半年破產房企會更多,進入八月第一天,就有雲南新立邦房地產開發公司、天津松江興業房地產開發公司、天津松江恆泰房地產開發公司三業者聲請破產。

儘管宣告破產大部分是中小型房企,但A股五十家已披露半年業績預報的上市房企中,也有近半預告虧損。"

ec.ltn.com.tw/article/paper/14

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"在此之前,中國監管機關目標,主要是包括萬達、安邦、復星和海航等在海外大肆併購的集團,然而,沒想到恆大才是金融體系最薄弱的一環,而且很可能傷害到中國在疫情後的經濟復甦。壓力爆發的關鍵在2020年12月,文件顯示,恆大集團主要境內子公司恆大地產有2057億人民幣的未償還商業票據,成為中國應付票據存續規模最高的房企。"

ec.ltn.com.tw/article/breaking

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這些外資要當恆大的接盤俠也不錯啦,親中外韭死一個是一個~^^

[ The widening regulatory crackdown that sparked a big selloff last month in the shares of internet-technology and education companies has also weighed on Chinese credit markets, pushing down prices of even investment-grade bonds. The moves show China is getting more serious about reining in companies whose business practices are seen at odds with national priorities. Investors are now actively looking for sectors that might be next in the crosshairs.

“A lot of the tension is focused on the property sector, and it’s really been driven by [China’s] policy,” ]

wsj.com/articles/chinas-corpor

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外媒很關注恆大欸~

"路透報導,港交所公告,中國恒大利潤主要構成為:房地產開發業務虧損約為人民幣40億元,恒大汽車虧損約為人民幣48億元,出售持有恆騰網絡部分股份及持有其其餘股份按市價估值之盈利合計約人民幣185億元。...

...目前正深陷財務風暴的中國恒大集團,近期傳出將賣房籌錢。彭博引述消息表示,恒大有意出售其位於香港灣仔的集團總部大樓中國恒大中心,喊價約20億美元,以紓緩財困。據稱有兩家公司正與恒大談判,尚未作出任何決定。"

money.udn.com/money/story/5604

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不准唱空政策出檯後,恆大就坦率說準備要違約了:

"恆大股價也因財務暴雷,今年已下跌71%。

《彭博》報導,恆大正出售上市電動汽車和物業管理部門的股權與資產,並積極尋求新投資者,挹注資金。恆大坦承,部分房地產開發應付款項逾期,導致部分項目停工,目前公司正在與供應商和建築承包商談判以恢復工作,會盡最大的努力按計劃完工。"

ec.ltn.com.tw/article/breaking

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不是財經網美貼文還真不知道恆大金服爆了的傳聞....

"聽說欠了八兆台幣 大約3000多億美金"

pttweb.tw/s/3QDuPe

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前幾天被接連調降評等的新聞或許是傳聞肇因之一?

「9月6日星期一,評級機構穆迪又調降了恆大及其子公司的評級,理由是:“在違約的情況下,恆大債權人獲得賠償的前景不佳”。周二,國際第三大評級機構惠譽緊隨其他評級機構的腳步,也給恆大降了級。自2021年年初以來,恆大股價的下跌幅度超過了75%,恆大的股價及其債券的價值因而跌到了它2015年時的水平,尤其是那些應該在2023年償還的債券。」

rfi.fr/tw/%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84%E

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骨牌效應。

"惠譽表示,恆大5720億人民幣的貸款為銀行等金融機構持有,但銀行或許對恆大的供應商有間接曝險,這些供應商的商品和服務欠款6670億元人民幣。

惠譽說:「對恆大或其他脆弱開發商曝險較大的小型銀行,可能面臨不良貸款大幅增加,這取決於涉及恆大的信貸事件如何發展。」"

cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202109150

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房地產與家庭財富的高度重疊讓整個泡沫破滅的地產業成了燙手山芋。

"Currently, more than three-quarters of household wealth in China is tied up in real estate, and Beijing has a strong incentive to make sure that such wealth doesn’t go down in an exploding bubble. A collapse of Evergrande could be detrimental to property values, which would deal a blow to consumer wealth and in turn lead to a slowdown in consumption and investment, in addition to other consequences. Because the CCP has focused its attention on de-risking the property sector and other developers have done good jobs of reducing their debt burdens so far, it should reduce the effect of an Evergrande collapse. Nonetheless, the firm is so big that this ripple effect is possible."

thediplomat.com/2021/09/is-chi

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看到這些數字才對影響規模有些具體概念...

"恆大員工達20萬人,在中國數百座城市中有數千個開發項目,間接影響380萬人就業,恆大破產不僅衝擊數百萬購房者,以及大量供應商、建築商的利益,還將重創就業市場,尤其恆大負債涉及超過128家銀行與121家非銀行機構,恆大倒閉也將重創中國金融市場和金融系統的穩定。"

ec.ltn.com.tw/article/breaking

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「在更早之前,中共在歷經2014因為限購令等因素造成房價出現明顯跌幅後,還是選擇飲鴆止渴又走上依賴房地產拉動經濟的老路才是今天這個局面的禍首。從2016開始,中共想出的新方法是搞更新類似西方貧民區的棚戶改造,雖然在手上法是更有創意。

這類的棚戶改造是由國家開發銀行領頭,提供進行改造的融資。具體進行的方式是拆除原來居民的棚戶,並以每平方米約3000人民幣的價格給予補償,但這個補償的金額不是直接撥給居民,而是撥到一個第三方託管帳戶。然後在棚戶居民選好要購買哪一棟新的在原址改好的公寓後,帳戶的款項便直接付給開發商。同時購買搬入新公寓的居民還能獲得一個當地的戶口。雖然帶頭貸款的是國開行,但該行也是依靠人民銀行提供的低息融資,從2015年中到2017年底,人民銀行便提供了大概2兆人民幣的貸款給各地這類的項目。各地方政府擁有的商業銀行也跟進提供了大量資金。

換言之,直到貿易戰和美中對抗開始前,是中共自己主動養大這個已經變成怪獸的房地產泡沫來換取光鮮亮麗的短期經濟成長,而不是去進行代價高昂的痛苦改革來調整經濟體質,才造成今天這個無法收拾的局面。」

voicettank.org/%E6%81%86%E5%A4

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這麼大的危機事件, 即使沒有一整套完整解決方案, 好歹也要表個態吧? 但北京當局到目前為止都是作壁上觀, 好像在等最大尋租利益出現, 比外資更像外人.

“we think it is imperative for the government to provide clear communication on the plan regarding Evergrande and to shore up confidence among home buyers, suppliers and contractors, banks and other nonbank financial institutions,”

wsj.com/articles/chinas-regula

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今天傳出以海航模式處理的最新傳聞:

"《Asia Markets》報導,中國政府消息人士透露,中國政府正在介入恆大債務危機,恆大有可能被分成三個實體,最終決定或將在幾天內宣布。

報導指出,房地產巨頭有可能轉變為國有企業;根據消息人士透露,這項協議的用意在於保護購買恆大房產的一般民眾,以及恆大財富的投資人,最重要的是防止恆大破產對中國經濟的衝擊,這項重組計畫與恆大5年期債券利息到期日有關。"

ec.ltn.com.tw/article/breaking

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不曉得匯豐踩得有多深...

"對於這波中國地產股崩跌,凱爾巴斯在推特上用「banking crisis」是一語雙關,除了銀行因為放款給地產公司而慘遭倒帳的危機之外,從他標記匯豐銀行就暗示著,這些銀行還可能涉嫌非法貸款、超貸給這些地產公司,恐面臨司法上的調查和整肅,是另一種的「banking crisis」。"

【恆大們出列!一天暴跌87%不能再高了 華爾街大佬點名香港這家銀行涉超貸】
出處:信傳媒( cmmedia.com.tw/home/articles/2 )

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對匯豐執行長的空虛發言只想翻白眼:

「據報導,匯豐資產管理部門、貝萊德、瑞銀等公司一直是恆大債券的最大持有者。根據《彭博》彙編數據,匯豐約持有2億美元的恆大美元債券。」

ec.ltn.com.tw/article/breaking

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WSJ這篇新加坡出的稿被不救派認為是證明:

[ The officials characterized the actions being ordered as “getting ready for the possible storm,” saying that local-level government agencies and state-owned enterprises have been instructed to step in to handle the aftermath only at the last minute should Evergrande fail to manage its affairs in an orderly fashion. ]

wsj.com/articles/china-makes-p

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汪浩簡單點出恆大債務危機之所以是系統性風險而非單一企業或產業問題的成因:

「中國房地產是中國經濟支柱產業,穩增長必備:拉動GDP三成,貢獻財政四成,創造信用五成,是中國經濟內循環的核心動力。房地產的問題,絕不只是來自房地產,而是中國經濟增長模式、貨幣發行模式、信用創造模式、財政運行模式、國家和社會治理模式等種種問題的集中表現。 隨著人口懸崖和債務大爆發,房地產不斷的金融化,成為債務密集度畸高的行業。從拿地到開發,基本上都是依靠債務--房企開發貸+居民按揭貸。

中國的債務型經濟增長模式,經過金融深化與金融自由化,已經具備所有金融危機的動因。 中國房地產的高槓桿屬性,銀行放貸失控火上澆油,房價上漲抵押物升值會進一步助推銀行加大放貸,甚至主動說服客戶抵押貸、放槓桿。在世界歷史上,歷次房地產泡沫中銀行業都深陷其中,房地產危機既是金融危機也是經濟危機。」

fountmedia.io/article/129565?f

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這篇認為當中國政府意識到投資效益低下後試圖用提高內需拉抬效益, 當投資集中於房市開始過熱後又嘗試以三條紅線等政策降溫, 於是地產開發商龍頭就這麼卡住了:

"Since 2008, it has needed ever more debt to deliver the same increment to economic output. Between 2008 and 2019, total debt—government, household and business—rose from 169% to 306% of gross domestic product, but GDP growth fell from 10% to 6%. Productivity growth adjusted for the expanding stock of buildings, machinery and other capital was 2.6% a year from 2000 to 2010. It has been negative since 2015, a sign of how inefficient much of that investment has been.

A few years ago Beijing recognized this model was unsustainable and has sought in fits and starts to shift to “higher quality” growth more dependent on consumers. That process was bound to be disruptive; indeed, it triggered a disorderly devaluation of the yuan in 2015, but it did succeed in slowing the buildup of debt.

Last year, to tide the economy through the pandemic, credit was loosened again. Yet Chinese officials see soaring housing prices as a threat to financial and social stability so they laid out a three-year timetable for lending to the red-hot property sector to be reined in. Just as the Federal Reserve’s interest-rate increases eventually popped the U.S. housing bubble over a decade ago, those regulatory restrictions, with a lag, popped China’s, said Gene Ma, head of China research at the Institute for International Finance. Evergrande was an early casualty since it is one of the most leveraged developers, he said."

wsj.com/articles/evergrandes-s

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等著看金融業者能雙邊失血支援多久。

"花旗集團估計,至今年底,中國銀行系統約41%資產直接或間接與房地產有關,房價走跌恐引發銀行資產的連鎖反應。中國銀行提供給開發商及購屋者的未償付貸款估計達50兆人民幣(215.27兆台幣)。"

"知情人士披露,官員要求銀行不可全面切斷對開發商的融資,應持續對營建中的計畫提供支持,並批准購買預售屋者的抵押貸款。"

ec.ltn.com.tw/article/breaking

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WSJ這篇用圖表具體指出中國房市泡沫與恆大事件的規模: 前者是美國2005年房市泡沫的翻倍($847 billion v. $1.6 trillion), 後者的開發項目樓地板面積總和約相當於513棟帝國大廈.

"Analysts have generally indicated an Evergrande default wouldn’t spur a crisis of confidence like the one that followed the Lehman Brothers collapse. But Evergrande is the largest property developer in a Chinese real-estate bubble that has been expanding for years. Investment over the past decade in China’s residential-property market has dwarfed the U.S. housing bubble of the 2000s, at least in terms of its share of domestic economic output."

wsj.com/articles/chinas-evergr

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中國房市的危機點: 大城市以外的房地產仰賴泡沫支撐.

"But property construction in smaller cities ran well ahead of demand from prospective occupants for the last five years in China, leaving the market increasingly dependent on speculators and investors to buy properties, said Logan Wright, China markets research director at Rhodium Group, a research firm based in New York. About 21% of homes in urban China were already vacant in 2017, which equated to 65 million empty units, according to data from China Household Finance Survey."

wsj.com/articles/evergrande-ch

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? 結果在恆大之後爆的竟然是一間完全沒聽過的中國地產商...

[ 惠誉将花样年的评级从“B”调降至“CCC-”并警告称,该公司财务状况存在不确定性,面临无法在周一偿还2.08亿美元的一个更受瞩目的国际债券的“重大”风险。

不过,最初的警报是由媒体报道引发的,媒体报道称花样年错过了9月28日到期的一笔1亿美元款项支付,这笔款项本应支付给那些对私人债券行使所谓“看跌”期权的债券持有人。" ]

reuters.com/article/china-prop

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比較吃驚WSJ這麼快能抓出花樣年的資料來, 該不會把中國前一百大的地產商資料都備好了吧...

"When compared with Evergrande, Fantasia is significantly smaller in size. Its sales in the first nine months of 2021 ranked 73rd among its domestic peers, while Evergrande was in third place, according to a market report by research firm CricChina."

wsj.com/articles/chinese-luxur

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不知道野村的預估是否包含影子銀行部位。

「野村預估,截至今年6月,中國開發商的債務已達5.2兆美元(約新台幣147.1兆)。最高比例為銀行貸款佔46%,債券市場則大約佔10%,包括相當於 2170億美元(約新台幣6.1兆)的美元債券,其中許多是垃圾債券。」

ec.ltn.com.tw/article/breaking

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看樣子應該是有包括在內。

“The real-estate giants have borrowed not only from banks but also from shadow-banking outfits known as trust companies and from individuals who put their savings into investments called wealth-management products. Abroad, they became a mainstay of international junk-bond markets, offering juicy yields to get deals done.”

wsj.com/articles/beyond-evergr

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趙君朔這集把最近的恆大危機連帶影響整理得很詳細:

youtu.be/GD2xrNTtxjw

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中國開發商危機名單新增佳兆業集團:

"Kaisa’s tumble takes its shares’ year-to-date losses to nearly 73% amid growing investor concerns about Chinese developers’ ability to refinance or repay billions of dollars in debt. Fitch and S&P Global Ratings both downgraded the already junk-rated Kaisa in October to CCC-plus, near the bottom of their ratings scales, citing refinancing risk."

wsj.com/articles/chinese-devel

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驚訝聯準會發這個示警:

「有鑒於中國經濟與金融系統的規模,以及其與世界其餘地方的廣大貿易連結,在風險情緒惡化之下,中國的金融壓力可能會讓全球金融市場感到緊張,對全球經濟成長構成風險,進而影響美國。」

cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202111090

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報告只有85頁, 恆大部分在第65頁:

"Stresses in China’s real estate sector could strain the Chinese financial system, with
possible spillovers to the United States

In China, business and local government debt remain large; the financial sector’s leverage is
high, especially at small and medium-sized banks; and real estate valuations are stretched. In
this environment, the ongoing regulatory focus on leveraged institutions has the potential to
stress some highly indebted corporations, especially in the real estate sector, as exemplified by
the recent concerns around China Evergrande Group. Stresses could, in turn, propagate to
the Chinese financial system through spillovers to financial firms, a sudden correction of real
estate prices, or a reduction in investor risk appetite. Given the size of China’s economy and
financial system as well as its extensive trade linkages with the rest of the world, financial
stresses in China could strain global financial markets through a deterioration of risk sentiment, pose risks to global economic growth, and affect the United States."

federalreserve.gov/publication

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有些理解為何此時示警了:

"In total, Chinese junk borrowers have about $197 billion of dollar debt outstanding, Goldman Sachs analysts have estimated. That means the ICE BofA index covers a little more than half of that total debt, implying the full losses for investors are considerably larger."

"Including cash from bond interest payments, the index has generated a total return of minus 28% so far this year, putting it on course for its worst performance since 2008. But this year’s selloff is much bigger in dollar terms, affecting far more investors. The total face value of the ICE BofA Asian Dollar High Yield Corporate China Issuers Index was just $3.2 billion at the end of 2008."

wsj.com/articles/chinese-junk-

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恆大的許家印還算肯負責的:

"報導指出,恆大在過去3天內總共出售了在香港上市的恆騰網絡集團有限公司約5.7%的股份,總計籌集約1.45億美元資金。上個月,恆大傳出出售兩架私人飛機,套現5000多萬美元。

在此之前,恆大於9月間出售了盛京銀行17.5億股的股份,取得99.93億元資金;恆大創辦人許家印日前傳出,已賣掉香港豪宅,用以償還已到期的債務。"

cna.com.tw/news/acn/2021110900

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苟延殘喘到十二月終於正式開爆:

"當恆大公告無法履行一筆2.6億美元(約台幣73億)債務後,無疑開啟債務違約大門,廣東省人民政府約談許家印後,隨即宣布派出工作組進駐恆大摸底。不到半小時,央行、銀保監會、證監會、住建部等部門都發表立場,支持廣東省政府。"

ec.ltn.com.tw/article/breaking

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恆大債務重組方案可能被當成地方政府解除各自房企地雷團的套用解方:

"The Guangzhou-based developer, the most indebted property company in the world, has agreed on the outlines of a deal that will give it breathing room by extending its debt maturities while allowing it to defer some coupon payments, the people said.

The deal would finally bring a resolution to the highest-profile debt restructuring negotiation in China’s property sector, which has suffered dozens of dollar bond defaults in the last two years after a sharp slowdown in sales. Chinese real-estate firms missed payments on more than $30 billion worth of international bonds in 2022, according to S&P Global Ratings, and investors said Evergrande’s restructuring could set a template for other debt workouts. "

wsj.com/articles/chinese-devel

總算對恆大的債務規模有比較明確的概念....

"台灣房地產欠最多錢的是鄭欽天的興富發,總負債1742億元,對比恆大約11兆台幣,比起來只有恆大的1.58%,如果用國家的外債來比,外滙存底大約剩下30億美元的阿根廷,外債是2750.93億美元,約1.986兆人民幣,比恆大少。再拿俄羅斯來比,俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭後,外債急降到3579億美元,約2.584兆人民幣,已經和恆大在伯仲之間。

一家恆大負債和俄羅斯,阿根廷旗鼓相當,這恐怕是世界罕見的紀錄。更可怕的是,理論上,恆大早就資不抵債,理應破產清算,可是在中國特殊體制下,恆大想倒卻不能倒。"

facebook.com/permalink.php?sto

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碧桂園跳票了...

"據了解,未能如期支付的兩筆債券分別為碧桂園 4.2% N20260206(ISIN:XS2210960022)和碧桂園 4.8% N20300630(ISIN:XS2210960378)。該兩筆債券在新加坡交易所上市,發行規模均為5億美元,到期日分別為2026年2月6日和2030年8月6日;聯席全球協調人、聯席帳簿管理人及聯席牽頭經辦人為摩根士丹利、摩根大通、高盛(亞洲)(B&D)、瑞銀集團、渣打銀行、里昂證券。"

money.udn.com/money/story/5603

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美金兌離岸人民幣的匯率應聲從7.2跳到7.23,等著看接來能否守住7.24關卡。 :ablobthinking:

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週末的碧桂園與中植系相繼爆雷後,今天人民幣離岸匯率來到7.28鎂,令人好奇本週波動會不會踩到去年十一月的7.32底線呢?

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今天爆雷的對象與規模應該不致對中港股匯市有太大影響?

“中駿集團申請自5日起暫停交易的4筆境外債包括,2024年4月到期7.375%優先票據、2024年9月到期5.95%優先票據、2025年5月到期7%優先票據、2026年2月到期6%優先票據,總計本金18億美元,直到另行通知止。

中駿集團1987年創立於上海,2010年2月在港交所掛牌上市,曾是中國房地產開發企業30強,並連續7年入選「財富」中國500強。”

cna.com.tw/news/acn/2023100500

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到年底還有四個月喔~

"受到聯準會「鷹式暫停」升息影響,美國2年期國債收益率上漲8.1基點至5.182%,為2006年以來最高水準;美元指數也擺脫近期低點,重回105以上,一度來到近半年高點105.59。

由於美元走高,人民幣兌美元匯率今天再度跌破7.3關卡。

在岸人民幣兌美元今早開盤就跌破7.3,下午收盤報7.3034,較上一交易日下跌56點。"

cna.com.tw/news/afe/2023092102

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小翠提了才知道原來中國現在連黃金都出現巨大價差,如果黃金不好買,買iPhone當少量硬通貨替代也可以吧? 畢竟有前年土耳其里拉貶值實際前例在那邊...

youtu.be/TBlz6J5mAVM?si=r40Q4K

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另一種方式是買香港的美元保險來避險保值(?

"Customers from the mainland use insurance policies in Hong Kong to diversify away from investments in yuan, which has fallen sharply against the dollar this year. Policies in the city are denominated in U.S. dollars or Hong Kong dollars, which are pegged to the greenback. U.S. stocks have also rallied this year, while Chinese stocks are in a slump."

wsj.com/finance/chinas-economi

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中國韭菜們用三種將人民幣資產轉換方式來螞蟻搬家:

"在疫情大流行之前,中國買家通常以33萬美元或更低價格購買東京小套房型的公寓來出租,現在他們正在購買更大房子、取得投資簽證,以舉家移民至海外。

此外,為了繞過政府嚴格管制向海外轉移資金,中國民眾也會購買小到可以不起眼地分散在隨身行李中的金條,以及大量外幣。

報導說,中國民眾另一個把資金移出中國的辦法,就是到香港的銀行開戶,然後將錢款匯入該戶頭,用於購買類似銀行存款證的保險產品。據香港保險業監管局數據,今年上半年,前往香港的中國民眾購買新保單的費用,比2019年同期高出了21.3%,而在疫情大流行期間這種保險銷售幾近消失。"

ec.ltn.com.tw/article/breaking

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螞蟻搬家目前不構成威脅:

"Experts said the pace of money leaving China probably did not pose an imminent risk to the country’s $17 trillion economy, in large part because exports of many of the country’s key manufactured goods are strong, returning a steady stream of cash.

專家表示,資金外流的速度可能不會對中國17萬億美元的經濟構成迫在眉睫的風險,這在很大程度上是因為中國許多關鍵製成品的出口強勁,帶來了穩定的現金流。"

cn.nytimes.com/world/20231128/

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難怪常聽到日本海關緝私黃金的新聞:

"雖然金價在國際市場的價格是固定的,但若從海外購入金條,走私帶入日本,只要成功避開10%的消費稅,再賣給當地金飾店,就可以從中賺取利差,以10月17日台銀黃金牌價每公克台幣2005元來計算,買入1公斤的黃金價值達200.5萬元,避開消費稅的偷渡客可省下逾20萬元的稅金,當地金飾商家會再將這些黃金轉售到國際市場,日本政府還需退稅給出口商,等於日本政府不但沒收到稅金,反倒虧損10%的稅金。"

ec.ltn.com.tw/article/breaking

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中國自己加買整年的黃金~

"日經新聞報導,在美國長期利率飆升後,中國將黃金儲備作為安全資産,近1年裡,黃金持有量增加了13.7%,而美債則持續減持,從美國財政部的數據顯示,包括國有銀行等在內的中國整體美債持有餘額在8月底降至14年來的最低水準。"

ec.ltn.com.tw/article/breaking

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若CCP真收繳民間黃金,應該就是政治風暴的開始吧?

“人民銀行的觀點解釋了近期捍衛人民幣的策略:勒令中國國有銀行拋售外匯存款,保住人民幣匯率。人民銀行護盤人民幣手段有二:降低中國的外幣存款利率,1年期美元存款利率最高不超過2.8%,逼迫境內美元存款者拋售美元給國有銀行當作護盤人民幣的子彈;第二,人民銀行把境內美元存款準備率一路從8%降到4%,遠比人民幣存款準備率低,為的就是方便國有銀行協助人民銀行拋售美元。

所有手段應為一個目的——幫人民銀行拖時間,讓人民幣在美元升息的過程中能夠挺住。在此同時,中國不斷拋售美債,自2013年11月持有1.316兆元美債規模見頂後,就一路下滑,至2023年6月底,僅剩8345億美元的規模。
。。。。。。

以9月15日中國內地周大福的黃金零售每公克報價605元人民幣的價格為基準觀察,當日國際美元報價的黃金價格是每盎司1923.92美元,等於每公克67.86美元,黃金每公克605元人民幣除以67.86美元,意味著黃金反映的美元兌人民幣匯率是8.92元人民幣兌一美元。簡單說,黃金在中國境內的溢價正好回推人民幣的黑市價格,這與人民銀行當日在外匯市場作帳出來的7.28元人民幣兌1美元有著22%的差價。”

wealth.com.tw/articles/d0b06a8

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以港滬股市溢價差反推人民幣市場真實匯率:

"同樣的股票,代表同樣的基本面,差異只有在流動性,既然有50.43%的差價,那麼這個股價一定有一個是錯的。會是在香港交易的H股嗎?不可能,H股買賣後的資金可以自由進出香港,A股買賣之後的人民幣不可以自由進出中國,錯的一定是A股的股價。

A股的股價錯在哪?同樣公司的基本面一定一樣,只可能是人民幣的匯率不對!它不能自由兌換,所以官方牌價匯價太高,導致同樣的股價虛高50.43%,以目前人民幣匯率7.19兌一美元的匯率看,10.82人民幣兌一美元才是人民幣該有的市場報價。
7.19X1.5043=10.82兌一美元"

facebook.com/ranke.20041105/po

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傻眼: 金豆豆這種古文言情小說裡才會出現的東西怎麼真跑到現實裡了?

yt.artemislena.eu/watch?v=K09_

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"即使碧桂園能夠在未來幾週內支付這些債券的利息,它也還沒有擺脫困境。評級機構穆迪表示,今年剩餘時間裡,該公司每月都有債券償還,到2024年底,該公司欠中國投資者的債券約為24億美元,欠外國投資者的債券約為20億美元。"

"Even if Country Garden manages to make the interest payments on these bonds in the coming weeks, it is not out of the woods. It has bond payments due every month for the rest of the year, according to Moody’s, and some $2.4 billion of bonds owed to investors in China and $2 billion of bonds owed to foreign investors by the end of 2024."

cn.nytimes.com/business/202308

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紐時這篇講得還沒提及碧桂園專精三四線城市棚改的Emmy深入呢!

"Country Garden, which has said it expects its losses in the first half of this year to climb as high as $7.6 billion, has yet to complete nearly one million apartments across hundreds of cities in China, by one estimate."

cn.nytimes.com/business/202308

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碧桂園這下很有可能成壁櫃了:

"碧桂園未能支付部分美元債券票息,未來幾週將是關鍵。人民幣債券持有人將在本週就9月4日到期的票據延長付款限期的計劃進行投票。碧桂園也面臨著總額2250萬美元(約新台幣7.1億)的美元債券票息支付寬限期在9月初到期的問題。"

ec.ltn.com.tw/article/breaking

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外媒已在點名接下來的可能名單:

"《彭博》報導,若碧桂園最終無法支付2250萬美元(約7.1億新台幣)的債券利息,考慮到碧桂園興建中的建案數量為恆大的4倍,可能會帶來比2021年恆大事件更嚴重的後果。

碧桂園之外,彭博資訊(Bloomberg Intelligence)分析師Andrew Chan表示,下一個值得關注的是新城控股、雅居樂,因為這兩家分別有1.04億美元(約33億新台幣)及2.22億美元(約70億新台幣)的境內外債券利息支付,將於今年年底到期。"

ec.ltn.com.tw/article/breaking

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北京對恆大這道題的最終處置現在是中國從地方政府到房地產業都翹首以待的解題公式:

"6)中國房地產危機的真正原因在於過度投資,過度開發,過度舉債,與過度樂觀情緒,所以需要很長一段時間來消化這些「過剩」,就好比說,你房間裡有五個人,叫的外賣是15個人20個人的份,於是一大堆的剩菜剩飯要消化,兩三天內肯定也吃不完

7)既然房地產危機是整個行業的問題,估計還會有其他開發商跟進爆雷,所以,恆大與融創的債務重整模式一旦確立,那麼其他開發商的問題可能就可以比照辦理

8)然後,這樣的債務重整模式可能就套用到後面更大的債務危機,就是地方債危機與國企債危機,恐怕這才是中國當局真正的用意,就是讓民營開發商的債務危機的處理能建立一個模式,以便處理後面更大的債務危機"

facebook.com/permalink.php?sto

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從信報這篇整理的表看來,碧桂園今年十月份壓力很大啊!

"截至6月底,碧桂園12個月內到期債務共1087.03億元,已就9筆境內債達成展期,涉本金約147億元,惟境外債方面,上月已有兩筆美元債息到期,其中一筆將於下周二(17日)屆滿寬限期,若未能及時清償,恐觸發交叉違約,預計涉貸款總額167.7億美元。"

www1.hkej.com/dailynews/headli

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"以碧桂園的合約銷售額計算,有3000個樓盤正在建設,但現在應都徹底爛尾,預估碧桂園的建案數量是恆大的4倍,所涉及的客戶、購房者也是恆大的4倍。因此,如果碧桂園倒閉,衝擊波將相當驚人,比恆大更嚴重。"

ec.ltn.com.tw/article/breaking

ec.ltn.com.tw/article/breaking

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案例解說:

"《彭博》指出,信用違約交換(CDS)是一種充當破產保險的證券,中國的CDS市場遠不如經濟發達的國家,許多購買碧桂園(Country Garden)100億美元(約新台幣3232.9億元)債券的投資者,多半在沒有CDS的風險下購買。"

ec.ltn.com.tw/article/breaking

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"◎CDS 的交易原理:假設市場上出現美國公債買方,買進了 1 億美元的五年期美國公債,由於擔心未來可能因為各種原因造成美債違約,決定向知名金融機構 MM 購買報價 100 BP(1%) 五年期美債信用違約互換,買方必須固定付出 1 億 x 1% = 100 萬美元的權利金(保費),獲得 MM 的違約風險保護。 若買方在持有公債到期的五年中沒有違約發生,則 MM 賺取固定的權利金(保費)收益;一旦發生違約,MM 必須提供買方持有美債的損失,進入清算程序。"

storm.mg/lifestyle/4758653?mod

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野村對中國爛尾樓規模估得比較寬:

"美國財經媒體CNBC引述野村證券首席中國經濟學家陸挺指出,「估計中國有大約2000萬套沒有完工的預售樓」,如果要完成這些房屋的建築大約需要人民幣3.2兆元(約新台幣14兆元)。"

cna.com.tw/news/acn/2023111601

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WSJ這篇只算前五大房企部分到今年度的爛尾樓規模估得比較保守:

"There isn’t an official tally of unfinished homes, but five of the country’s largest developers that have failed to pay their offshore debt had about $266 billion in total contract liabilities as of June—a rough proxy for the value of homes they sold but have yet to deliver. That includes around $83 billion in contract liabilities at the property giant Country Garden, which defaulted on its international debt in October. The developer said recently that it has delivered about 460,000 apartment units so far this year. "

wsj.com/world/china/chinas-pro

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WSJ這篇印證了Emmy指出的棚改都更紅利:

"Country Garden benefited from China’s redevelopment program in lower-tier cities beginning in 2015, which gave residents new houses or cash to buy them. It also marketed and sold apartments in rural areas to people living in bigger, more expensive cities.

In 2016, the developer’s contracted sales more than doubled, and they topped more than 500 billion yuan, equivalent to more than $69 billion at current exchange rates, for each of the next five years.

Country Garden bought more than 3,000 plots of land over the past decade to build homes. They included parcels in all of China’s third-tier cities, 86% of the country’s fourth-tier cities, and 44% of its fifth-tier cities, according to an analysis of the developer’s land sales records on Wind. Evergrande, in comparison, had land in roughly a third of China’s fourth-tier cities and 12% of fifth-tier cities."

wsj.com/world/china/china-econ

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喔喔!結局終章用在美申請破產保護這招作為開局太有戲了~

“恆大集團當地時間週四於美國紐約,依據美國破產法第15章申請破產保護,該法允許美國法院承認涉及外企的破產或債務重組程序,保護外企於美國的資產,免受債權人的侵害,同時進行重組協議。

據悉,恆大旗下子公司天基控股(Tianji Holding Ltd.)以及景程(Scenery Journey Limited)亦同時申請破產保護。”

nownews.com/news/6232217

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恆大海外債權人早先達成的協議內容:

"Overseas creditors eventually agreed to a consensual deal in the spring of this year. Holders of the developer’s $19 billion in foreign debt can choose to swap their holdings into new long-term debt or take some principal losses and get a mix of shorter-term bonds and equity-linked notes backed by shares of Evergrande or two of its listed subsidiaries, including China Evergrande New Energy Vehicle Group."

wsj.com/articles/china-evergra

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瑞幸咖啡成功就靠這招被收購後東山再起:

"包括佳兆業、當代置業、榮盛發展等房企,瑞幸咖啡、華晨電力、協鑫新能源等企業,均在美元債重組過程中依美國《美國破產法》第15章聲請破產保護。

企業在美國聲請破產保護,對於海外債權人來說,他們需要透過美國的破產程序來維護自己的權益,對於中國債權人來說,企業在海外的破產保護程序,意味著他們與企業的債權糾紛,將面臨更複雜的跨境處理程序和時間成本。"

ec.ltn.com.tw/article/breaking

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中國開始處理房地產殭屍王:

"報導強調,其實恆大地產被立案調查後,恆大就知道不能發行新票據。無法發行新票據,就是沒法再發債借錢,意味著從融資端堵住了恆大的輸血管道,也意味著恆大境外債務重組或將以失敗告終。

此前,恆大債務重組表決會議一再延後,9月22日直接告稱,由於銷售情況不如預期,債務重組會議將不會舉行。

陸媒北向財經報導也指出,恆大財富負責人杜亮16日被警方採取強制措施;恆大債務重組會議22日被擱置;恆大24日公告無法滿足新票據的發行資格,「如同三把利劍,每一把都直指恆大的命門。」"

cna.com.tw/news/acn/2023092703

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遼寧吃下的恆大壞帳部位連一成都不到:

“市場猜算,盛京銀行在過去一直向恒大輸血,甚至可能存在違規放貸的情況,而恒大在離場後給該行留下了一大堆不良資產,但為了不讓盛京銀行發生金融風險,瀋陽市需要想辦法解決問題,只能通過遼寧資產去收購恒大在盛京銀行的不良資產,類似於2019年山東省處理恒豐銀行風險的模式。

  不過這對地方財政造成巨大隱患,因為在交易完成後,遼寧資產不但欠了盛京銀行1760億元,而且每年還得支付約40億元的利息,而遼寧資產背後的遼寧省財政廳,能夠從恒大身上要回來的壞帳可能屈指可數,這相當於用政府的錢為恒大兜底,不但存在道德爭議,還有可能拖垮地方財政,最後只能是當地人買單。”

news.cnyes.com/news/id/5339289

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又一家銀行也被恆大風波掃到:

“綜合陸媒報導,許家印被當局採取強制措施後,網上出現一份恆大所欠銀行貸款明細列表,其中積欠滄州銀行高達人民幣30億元(約新台幣132億元)。雖然滄州銀行公告稱,對恆大及其關聯企業貸款金額實際僅有3.46億元,仍引發存戶恐慌擠兌。”

cna.com.tw/news/acn/2023101102

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小翠這集說得比較清楚,恆大只佔了盛京銀行五分之一的鍋:

youtu.be/QSKbsFd75Ek?si=i9Wx8P

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融創的債務重組之路走得比恆大順利:

"在中國恆大集團(China Evergrande Group)於9月份被迫取消350億美元的債務重組計劃後,融創的進展對投資者來說是個好消息。中國監管機構曾阻止恆大發行新的美元票據,導致了重組計劃失敗。"

cn.wsj.com/articles/%E8%9E%8D%

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恆大能否成功清算將會影響到接下來的港股乃至於外界對中國房企危機的看法:

"Ultimately, a liquidation would be a litmus test of how the Chinese Communist Party plans to treat foreign creditors of property companies. Under a mutual agreement in 2021 between Hong Kong and Beijing, a mainland Chinese court could recognize the liquidator to allow creditors to take control of Evergrande assets on the mainland.

這場清盤最終可能將成為對中國共產黨將如何處置房地產公司海外債權人的實踐檢驗。根據香港和北京在2021年達成的互認協議,中國內地法院可以承認清算人,以允許債權人接管恆大在內地的資產。"

cn.nytimes.com/business/202312

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紐時詳盡回顧了以恆大為代表的中國房地產泡沫如何被推大膨脹到一度被認定這些房企大到不能倒:

"Around the world, a global financial crisis was reverberating, one that started with a plunge in housing prices in the United States. But in China, after a short and steep downturn, the government pumped $500 billion into building roads and railways, juicing growth and allowing China to emerge from the crisis before other countries. By listing its shares in Hong Kong, Evergrande had access to money outside China to buy land in China. Dozens of other developers were doing the same thing. Three of them — Kaisa Group, Yuzhou Properties and Fantasia Holdings — raised money over the same few weeks as Evergrande. They have all since defaulted."

nytimes.com/2023/12/05/busines

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安邁清算恆大破產案是各界都在看摸石過河能否成功的敲門磚:

"Restructuring deals and liquidations involving Chinese property companies are relatively new. They involve some of the world’s biggest investors, including firms that manage the pension funds of American workers. There are dozens of cases like Evergrande’s winding through courts in Hong Kong.

涉及中國房地產公司的重組交易和清算是相對較新的事物,涉及到一些世界上最大的投資者,包括管理美國工人養老基金的公司。香港法院裡還有幾十起與恆大類似的案件在審理中。"

cn.nytimes.com/business/202401

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小翠很快在這集補充了破產清算並不在中港司法互認內且即使有也僅限五座城市:

youtu.be/jI7qsFAnLX0

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目前外界對中國房地產乃至今年經濟表現都是不太看好的:

"Economists at Barclays said in a January research report they expect real-estate investment to fall another 8% in 2024, pointing to a negative-feedback loop between weak sales and developer defaults.

The World Bank expects growth in China to slow this year and next, to 4.5% and 4.3% respectively, in part because it expects property-sector weakness to keep hobbling investment. "

wsj.com/world/china/evergrande

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@Perfume 黄金好买的很,尤其是等国银行卖的那种会生锈的金条。。。

@goodrich 不考慮生鏽問題的話,在人民幣貶值前先入手是比較能提供生活保障的避險操作。

@Perfume 我刚才表述的不清楚,等国银行卖的金条,纯度什么的,是有问题的,根本无法保值

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