Bibliolater 📚📜🖋 @bibliolater@qoto.org

🔴 **AI generates covertly racist decisions about people based on their dialect**

"_Here, we demonstrate that language models embody covert racism in the form of dialect prejudice, exhibiting raciolinguistic stereotypes about speakers of African American English (AAE) that are more negative than any human stereotypes about African Americans ever experimentally recorded. By contrast, the language models’ overt stereotypes about African Americans are more positive._"

Hofmann, V., Kalluri, P.R., Jurafsky, D. et al. AI generates covertly racist decisions about people based on their dialect. Nature (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07856-5

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #AI #ArtificialIntelligence #LLM #ComputerScience #Racism #Racist #Linguistics #Academia #Academic #Academics @ai @linguistics

🔴 📚 **A study of the effects of four reading styles on college students’ mental health and quality of life based on positive psychology-A first-of-its-kind study**

"_Paper text reading and audio reading methods were effective in reducing anxiety levels and improving sleep quality. However, the electronic text reading approach was less effective compared to paper text reading and audio reading, and the video reading approach was not effective in improving depression._"

Liu Y (2024) A study of the effects of four reading styles on college students’ mental health and quality of life based on positive psychology-A first-of-its-kind study. PLOS ONE 19(8): e0308475. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0308475

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Psychology #Read #Reading #Book #Books #Ebook #Ebooks #Audiobook #Audiobooks #Bookstodon #Academia #Academic #Academics @psychology

🔴 🇪🇸 **Five centuries of consanguinity, isolation, health, and conflict in Las Gobas: A Northern Medieval Iberian necropolis**

"_By integrating genetic, archaeological, and historical data, we unveil the presence of an endogamous and consanguineous community in Northern Iberia. Despite centuries of turbulent regional history, this community experienced limited external gene flow. Our findings indicate that this community remained relatively isolated for at least five centuries._"

Ricardo Rodríguez-Varela et al., Five centuries of consanguinity, isolation, health, and conflict in Las Gobas: A Northern Medieval Iberian necropolis. Sci. Adv.10, eadp8625 (2024). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adp8625.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Science #Genetics #DNA #Palaeogenetics #Archaeology #Archaeodons #Anthropology #Iberia #Medieval #Medievodons #Spain #Europe #Academia #Academic #Academics @archaeodons @anthropology @medievodons

🔴 **Fertility in High-Income Countries: Trends, Patterns, Determinants, and Consequences**

"_In this contribution, we aim to (a) describe the main determinants of low fertility in high-income countries, (b) assess its potential economic consequences, (c) discuss adjustment mechanisms for individuals and economies, (d) propose a simple economic framework to analyze the long-run economic impacts of low fertility, and (e) draw lessons for economic policymakers to react appropriately. While the economic challenges of low fertility are substantial, a thoughtful and consistent policy response can mitigate most of the adverse consequences._"

Bloom, D.E., Kuhn, M. and Prettner, K. (2024) 'Fertility in High-Income Countries: Trends, Patterns, Determinants, and consequences,' Annual Review of Economics. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-081523-013750.

#OpenAccess #OA #Article #DOI #Demography #Fertility #Health #PublicHeath #Depopulation #Economics #Academia #Academic #Academics @economics

🔴 **Temperature-related mortality burden and projected change in 1368 European regions: a modelling study**

"_By 2100, based on our modelling, heat-related deaths in Europe could increase to more than 234 455 deaths annually in the worst scenario, compared with around 43 729 deaths for the current scenario (1991–2020), potentially shifting the mortality peak from cold to warm seasons in certain regions._"

🔗 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(24)00179-8/fulltext

#TheLancet #OpenAccess #OA #Article #Research #Science #PublicHealth #Health #Climate #ClimateChange #Environment #Europe #Academia #Academic #Academics @science @climatechange

🔴 **Emotionalized Social Media Environments: How Alternative News Media and Populist Actors Drive Angry Reactions**

"_Our key findings show that posts from alternative and hyperpartisan media, as well as those from populist politicians and parties, tend to elicit elevated levels of angry reactions. These posts often use anti-elitist and exclusionary language. This finding has significant implications, as the anger generated by such accounts can propagate incivility and polarization and facilitate the spread of ideologically driven misinformation._"

Humprecht, E. et al. (2024) ‘Emotionalized Social Media Environments: How Alternative News Media and Populist Actors Drive Angry Reactions’, Political Communication, 41(4), pp. 559–587. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2024.2350416.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #SocialMedia #Media #Emotions #Populists #Politics #PoliticalScience #Misinformation #Academia #Academic #Academics @politicalscience

🔴 **Conceptual contamination: Investigating the impact of misinformation on conceptual change and inoculation strategies**

"_In the present investigation, we found that text order was an important consideration for how learners build their understanding of the to-be-learned content. While all conditions learned a significant amount, those who saw the misinformation text first, followed by the expository explanation, performed the worst on the posttest measure of learning._"

Danielson, R. W., Heddy, B. C., Ramazan, O., Jin, G., Gill, K. S., & Berry, D. N. (2024). Conceptual contamination: Investigating the impact of misinformation on conceptual change and inoculation strategies. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21963

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #DOI #Article #Science #Education #Misinformation #Academia #Academic #Academics

🔴 📖 🖥️ **The smell of paper or the shine of a screen? Students’ reading comprehension, text processing, and attitudes when reading on paper and screen**

"_Our results reveal that, overall, the students performed better when reading on paper compared to on screen, which parallels existing findings highlighted in our literature review. Yet, examining single-student performance revealed that some performed equally well across both modes, and one student comprehended better with screen reading._"

Jensen, R.E., Roe, A. and Blikstad-Balas, M. (2024) 'The smell of paper or the shine of a screen? Students’ reading comprehension, text processing, and attitudes when reading on paper and screen,' Computers & Education, 219, p. 105107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2024.105107.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #DOI #Education #Reading #Comprehension #Computers #Screens #Tech #Technology #Book #Books #Bookstodon #Academia #Academic #Academics @bookstodon

🔴 💧 **Mapping safe drinking water use in low- and middle-income countries**

_Our results emphasize that access to an improved drinking water source does not always provide safe drinking water as <u>almost half of the LMIC populations (48%) were estimated to be exposed to fecal contamination in their primary drinking water source</u>. Our predictions show that more than half of the populations of Oceania, sub–Saharan Africa, southeastern Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean may be exposed to contaminated drinking water (fig. S9)._

Esther E. Greenwood et al., Mapping safe drinking water use in low- and middle-income countries. Science 385, 784-790 (2024). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adh9578

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Science #Water #Drinking #Environment #Health #Academia #Academic #Academics @science

🔴 **Fake memories: A meta-analysis on the effect of fake news on the creation of false memories and false beliefs**

"_We conducted a meta-analysis to obtain an estimate of the average rate of false memories elicited by fake news. Thirteen articles were included in the final analysis, revealing that nearly 40% and 60% of the participants reported at least one false memory and belief (respectively) after fake news exposure, while each participant remembered or believed 22% of the total number of fake news presented._"

Schincariol, A. et al. (2024) ‘Fake memories: A meta-analysis on the effect of fake news on the creation of false memories and false beliefs’, Memory, Mind & Media, 3, p. e17. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/mem.2024.14.

#OpenAccess #OA #Article #DOI #FakeNews #Misinformation #Memory #Belief #Psychology #Academia #Academic #Academics @psychology

🔴 **Historical and archaeogenomic identification of high-status Englishmen at Jamestown, Virginia**

"_Genomic analyses of the skeletons identify unexpected maternal relatedness as both carried the mitochondrial haplogroup H10e. In this unusual case, aDNA prompted further historical research that led to the discovery of illegitimacy in the West family, an aspect of identity omitted, likely intentionally, from genealogical records._"

Owsley, D.W. et al. (2024) ‘Historical and archaeogenomic identification of high-status Englishmen at Jamestown, Virginia’, Antiquity, pp. 1–15. doi: https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2024.75.

#OpenAccess #OA #DOI #Archaeology #Archaeodons #Genealogy #History #Histodon #Histodons #Jamestown #Virginia #Academia #Academic #Academics @archaeodons @histodon @histodons

🔴 **Transmission of social bias through observational learning**

"_Across six experiments, we demonstrated that group preferences can be acquired by merely observing the behavior of a prejudiced actor toward members of a group. This effect emerged despite observers’ lack of stereotype knowledge, unawareness of demonstrator preferences, the lack of actual group differences in players’ feedback, and the use of financial incentives for accuracy, suggesting that observational learning constitutes a potent and persistent mode of prejudice transmission._"

David T. Schultner et al., Transmission of social bias through observational learning. Sci. Adv.10, eadk2030 (2024). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adk2030.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Psychology #Science #Neuroscience #Prejudice #Bias #Learning #Academia #Academic #Academics @psychology @science

🔴 **Applying a transaction cost perspective to decode viking Scandinavia's earliest recorded value relation: insights from the forsa ring’s runic inscription**

"_The congruence in oxen valuation observed between Northern Sweden and 10th-century England is notably significant. It suggests the existence of a profoundly interwoven European institutional architecture of monetary relations that bridged considerable geographical expanses._"

Edvinsson, R. (2024) ‘Applying a transaction cost perspective to decode viking Scandinavia’s earliest recorded value relation: insights from the forsa ring’s runic inscription’, Scandinavian Economic History Review, pp. 1–16. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2024.2378465.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Scandinavia #Europe #Economics #History #EconHist #Vikings #IronAge #Money #Runes #Academia #Academic #Academics @economics @econhist

🔴 **Do large language models have a legal duty to tell the truth?**

"_We argue that LLM providers should be required to mitigate careless speech and better align their models with truth through open, democratic processes. We define careless speech against ‘ground truth’ in LLMs and related risks including hallucinations, misinformation and disinformation._"

Wachter Sandra, Mittelstadt Brent and Russell Chris. 2024 Do large language models have a legal duty to tell the truth?. R. Soc. Open Sci. 11: 240197. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.240197.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Truth #AI #ArtificialIntelligence #Misinformation #Disinformation #Philosophy #LLMS #LargeLanguageModels #Academia #Academic #Academics @ai @philosophy

🔴 🇦🇺 **Highest ocean heat in four centuries places Great Barrier Reef in danger**

"_Climate model analysis confirms that human influence on the climate system is responsible for the rapid warming in recent decades. This attribution, together with the recent ocean temperature extremes, post-1900 warming trend and observed mass coral bleaching, shows that the existential threat to the GBR ecosystem from anthropogenic climate change is now realized._"

Henley, B.J., McGregor, H.V., King, A.D. et al. Highest ocean heat in four centuries places Great Barrier Reef in danger. Nature 632, 320–326 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07672-x

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Science #Climate #ClimateChange #Environment #Palaeoclimate #Ocean #GreatBarrierReef #Australia #Academia #Academic #Academic @science @climatechange @environment

🔴 🇺🇸 **Racial Tropes in the Foreign Policy Bureaucracy: A Computational Text Analysis**

"_Across several dimensions and using multiple measures, we show that material crafted for top leaders in the United States was more likely to use analogical and non-analogical expressions of immaturity, animal-like qualities, belligerence, and irrationality when describing events in the Global South, newly independent states, and for some regions._"

Carson, A., Min, E. and Van Nuys, M. (2024) ‘Racial Tropes in the Foreign Policy Bureaucracy: A Computational Text Analysis’, International Organization, pp. 1–35. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818324000146.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #DOI #Racism #Race #Bureaucracy #ForeignPolicy #Data #MachineLearning #Bias #USA #US #UnitedStates #America #Politics #PoliticalScience #Academia #Academic #Academics @politicalscience

🔴 **Multi-proxy bioarchaeological analysis of skeletal remains shows genetic discontinuity in a Medieval Sicilian community**

"_Isotopic analyses indicated individuals enjoyed a similar diet with little evidence for extensive mobility, however, the genetic analyses indicate that the Muslim and Christian individuals were not only separated by the location of their burials but also by their genetic heritage with no evidence of kinship between the two communities._"

Monnereau, A. et al. (2024) 'Multi-proxy bioarchaeological analysis of skeletal remains shows genetic discontinuity in a Medieval Sicilian community,' Royal Society Open Science, 11(7). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.240436.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #DOI #Ancient #DNA #Science #Genetics #Archaeology #Archaeodons #Sicily #Sicilian #Medieval #MiddleAges #Academia #Academic #Academics @science @archaeodons

🔴 🇨🇳 **The hidden costs of inflation: A critical analysis of industrial development and environmental consequences**

"_As the demand for energy continues to grow, particularly in developing countries, the use of fossil fuels is likely to increase, leading to further increases in CO2 emissions. China is the world’s largest emitter of CO2 emissions, accounting for over a quarter of global emissions. FP, IG, and GNE are identified as key drivers of the increase in CO2 emissions in China. CO2 emissions increase global temperatures, precipitation patterns, extreme weather events, and ocean levels. There is a need to shift towards cleaner and more sustainable sources of energy, such as renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydropower._"

Zheng D, Addas A, Waseem LA, Asad Naqvi SA, Ahmad M, et al. (2024) The hidden costs of inflation: A critical analysis of industrial development and environmental consequences. PLOS ONE 19(8): e0297413. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297413.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #PeerReviewed #DOI #Pollution #Environment #Economics #Finance #Industry #Inflation #Fertilizers #Energy #FossilFuels #China #Asia #Academia #Academic #Academics @economics

🔴 **Narcissism and Affective Polarization**

"_Our findings reveal that narcissism, and particularly the ‘rivalry’ aspect of narcissism, is associated with both positive and negative partisanship. This potentially not only explains why some people are more susceptible to affective polarization, but also has implications for elite polarization given that narcissism is an important predictor of elite entry._"

Tilley, J., Hobolt, S. Narcissism and Affective Polarization. Polit Behav (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-024-09963-5

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #DOI #Polarization #Polarisation #Politics #PoliticalScience #Identity #Narcissism #Academia #Academic #Academics @politicalscience

🔴 📖 **Chapter 7 Constructing Early Anglo-Saxon Identity in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles**

"_The combination of mythological arrival and conquest annals with the strategic inclusion of genealogies allow the annals as a whole to present all the kingdoms and sub-kingdoms of Britannia as important members of a larger family. They show the supremacy of the Germanic incomers over the native Britons, and they focus on the House of Wessex almost from the outset, showing the West Saxons to be the natural leaders of this group._"

Konshuh, C. (2020). Chapter 7 Constructing Early Anglo-Saxon Identity in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles. In The Land of the English Kin, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. Available From: Brill https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004421899_009 [Accessed 01 August 2024]

#OpenAccess #OA #DOI #History #Histodon #Histodons #England #English #AngloSaxon #Identity #Read #Reading #Nonfiction #Book #Books #Ebook #Ebooks #Bookstodon @histodon @histodons @bookstodon