Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋 @bibliolater@qoto.org

"Our research pioneers an innovative methodology for generating synthetic training data tailored to Old Aramaic letters. Our pipeline synthesizes photo-realistic Aramaic letter datasets, incorporating textural features, lighting, damage, and augmentations to mimic real-world inscription diversity. Despite minimal real examples, we engineer a dataset of 250 000 training and 25 000 validation images covering the 22 letter classes in the Aramaic alphabet."

Aioanei AC, Hunziker-Rodewald RR, Klein KM, Michels DL (2024) Deep Aramaic: Towards a synthetic data paradigm enabling machine learning in epigraphy. PLOS ONE 19(4): e0299297. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299297 #OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #PeerReview #DOI #MachineLearning #NeuralNetworks #Algorithms #Linguistics #Aramaic #Epigraphy #AI #ArtificalIntelligence #Academia #Academic #Academics @linguistics

First evidence for human occupation of a lava tube in Arabia: The archaeology of Umm Jirsan Cave and its surroundings, northern Saudi Arabia

"The lava tube does not appear to have served as a permanent habitation location, but rather as a site that likely lay on herding routes and that allowed access to shade and water for passing herders and their animals. Prior to this, as well as during pastoral periods, the lava tube was likely also linked with hunting activities, which probably remained a cornerstone of local economies into the Bronze Age."

Stewart M, Andrieux E, Blinkhorn J, Guagnin M, Fernandes R, et al. (2024) First evidence for human occupation of a lava tube in Arabia: The archaeology of Umm Jirsan Cave and its surroundings, northern Saudi Arabia. PLOS ONE 19(4): e0299292. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299292

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #PeerReview #Archaeology #Academia #Academic #Paleoanthropology #Neolithic #Anthropology #Archaeodons #Academics #SaudiArabia #MiddleEast @archaeodons @anthropology

Newly sequenced genome reveals coffee’s prehistoric origin story — and its future under climate change

"Their findings, published April 15 in Nature Genetics, suggest that Coffea arabica developed more than 600,000 years ago in the forests of Ethiopia via natural mating between two other coffee species. Arabica’s population waxed and waned throughout Earth’s heating and cooling periods over thousands of years, the study found, before eventually being cultivated in Ethiopia and Yemen, and then spread over the globe."

https://www.buffalo.edu/ubnow/stories/2024/04/albert-arabica-genome.html

#Science #STEM #Research #Study #News #Biology #DNA #Genome #Coffee @science

#Image attribution: MarkSweep, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. Page URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roasted_coffee_beans.jpg

"Under a middle-of-the road scenario of future income development (SSP2, in which SSP stands for Shared Socio-economic Pathway), this corresponds to global annual damages in 2049 of 38 trillion in 2005 international dollars (likely range of 19–59 trillion 2005 international dollars)."

Kotz, M., Levermann, A. & Wenz, L. The economic commitment of climate change. Nature 628, 551–557 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07219-0 #OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Economics #Environment #Climate #ClimateChange #Academia #Academic #Academics @economics @climatechange

Why European Colonization Drove the Blue Antelope to Extinction

"The results of the study, which have now been published in "Current Biology", show that the species was probably adapted to a small population size and survived like this for thousands of years. However, this also made them susceptible to sudden impacts like hunting, which increased after European colonization of southern Africa."

https://www.uni-potsdam.de/en/pressreleases/detail/2024-04-12-why-european-colonization-drove-the-blue-antelope-to-extinction

#Science #Biology #Research #News #Press #Antelope #Evolution #Extinction #Genome #Analysis #Ancient #DNA #AncientDNA #Europe #Africa #Colonisation #Colonization #Academia #Academic #Academics @science @biology

Research aims to improve data quality in manufacturing, seeking 'golden data'

"Despite the advances in manufacturing AI methodologies over the past decade, including significant strides in deep learning and neural networks, Jin points out that data generation and quality have become the major roadblocks in modeling and decision-making performance."

https://news.vt.edu/articles/2024/03/ise-golden-data.html

#Research #News #AI #ArtificialIntelligence #Data #Engineering #Manufacturing #Industry #Academia #Academic #Academics @engineering @ai

#Image attribution: Madhav-Malhotra-003, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons. Page URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Artificial_Intelligence_Word_Cloud.png

ChatGPT hallucinates fake but plausible scientific citations at a staggering rate, study finds

"MacDonald found that a total of 32.3% of the 300 citations generated by ChatGPT were hallucinated. Despite being fabricated, these hallucinated citations were constructed with elements that appeared legitimate — such as real authors who are recognized in their respective fields, properly formatted DOIs, and references to legitimate peer-reviewed journals."

https://www.psypost.org/chatgpt-hallucinates-fake-but-plausible-scientific-citations-at-a-staggering-rate-study-finds/

#AI #ArtificialIntelligence #ChatGPT #LLM #Science #Research #DOI #Fake #Citations #Academia #Academic #Academics @science @ai

#Image attribution: Madhav-Malhotra-003, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons. Page URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Artificial_Intelligence_Word_Cloud.png

"Our analysis of 49 coins from the North Sea zone indicates that Byzantine silver plate was the source of silver for the initial minting of the first post-Roman silver coins in England, Frisia and parts of Francia. From c. AD 750, freshly mined silver from Melle, Aquitaine, was introduced to this North Sea zone, becoming the dominant source following the coinage reforms of AD 793."

Kershaw, J. et al. (2024) ‘Byzantine plate and Frankish mines: the provenance of silver in north-west European coinage during the Long Eighth Century (c. 660–820)’, Antiquity, 98(398), pp. 502–517. doi: https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2024.33. #OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Europe #MiddleAges #Byzantine #Analysis #Coinage #Archaeology #History #Histodon #Histodons #Archaeodons #Academia #Academic #Academics @archaeodons @histodon @histodons

"This essay will read Hegel's comments on the Orient in light of his larger philosophy and then examine how Japanese scholars, specifically Okakura Tenshin (1863–1913) construct what could be called a Hegel-inspired defense of the concept of Asia or the Orient."

Murthy, V. (2024) ‘Rescuing Hegel from Eurocentrism: Oriental Reconstructions of Hegel’s Orient’, Hegel Bulletin, pp. 1–28. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/hgl.2024.13. #OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #Essay #DOI #Philosophy #Hegel #Orient #Asia @philosophy

#Image attribution: Jakob Schlesinger, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. Page URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jakob_Schlesinger_-_Hegel_1831.jpg

"Drawing on a national survey (N = 1,003), we found that U.S. adults evaluated fact-checking labels created by professional fact checkers as more effective than labels by algorithms and other users. News media labels were perceived as more effective than user labels but not statistically different from labels by fact checkers and algorithms."

Jia, C. & Lee, T. (2024). Journalistic interventions matter: Understanding how Americans perceive fact-checking labels. Harvard Kennedy School (HKS) Misinformation Review. https://doi.org/10.37016/mr-2020-138 #OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #SocialMedia #Facts #Misinformation #FactChecking #Journalism #Algorithms

Swapping 5G for 3G: Motivations, Experiences, and Implications of Contemporary Dumbphone Adoption

"We investigate the phenomenon of designer dumbphones, or newly developed dumbphones redesigned to meet the needs of dumbphone users, despite dumbphone-unfriendly current technical infrastructural."

https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/swapping-5g-for-3g-motivations-experiences-and-implications-of-co

#Research #Science #Tech #Technology #SmartPhones #Dumbphones #Mobile #MobilePhones #Phones #CellPhone #CellPhones

"Why is it that SDO and RWA are bound together at the genetic level not only with policy attitudes, but also with two of the most relevant Big Five personality traits, agreeableness and openness to experience? We conjecture that the underlying reason for these patterns of results may be that the human selective context of resource competition likely affected fundamental personality variation (especially trait Openness), but also independent traits designed to deal with problems of hierarchy-navigation (RWA/SDO), and their downstream political correlates."

Kleppesto, T. H., Czajkowski, N. O., Sheehy-Skeffington, J., Vassend, O., Roysamb, E., Eftedal, N. H., Kunst, J. R., Ystrom, E., & Thomsen, L. (2024). The genetic underpinnings of right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation explain political attitudes beyond Big Five personality. Journal of Personality, 00, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12921 #OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #RightWing #Authoritarianism #Behavior #Genetics #Personality #Psychology #PoliticalScience #Academia #Academic #Academics @psychology @politicalscience

"Our overarching finding is that except for very high northern latitudes, ESMs project ongoing and future extreme temperature acceleration beyond background warming levels during the hottest months."

Huntingford, C., Cox, P.M., Ritchie, P.D.L. et al. Acceleration of daily land temperature extremes and correlations with surface energy fluxes. npj Clim Atmos Sci 7, 84 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00626-0 #OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Climate #Environment #Science #Academia #Academic #Academics @climatechange @science

"It’s no surprise that fertility is dropping in many countries, which demographers attribute to factors such as higher education levels among people who give birth, rising incomes, and expanded access to contraceptives. The United States is at 1.6 instead of the requisite 2.1, for example, and China and Taiwan are hovering at about 1.2 and one, respectively." https://www.doi.org/10.1126/science.ze0x33r #Research #DOI #Demography #Health #News #Science #STEM #Global #Population #Academia #Academic #Academics @science

#Image attribution: Christinelmiller, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons. Page URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Egg_and_Sperm.png

"We propose that early humans knew that elephants consistently walked along the same paths to waterholes and used this information to hunt/ambush elephants along these paths. In the course of hunting/ambushing elephants, humans repeatedly utilized specific quarry sites along the trails in preparation for butchering the large game."

Finkel, M., Barkai, R. Quarries as Places of Significance in the Lower Paleolithic Holy Triad of Elephants, Water, and Stone. Arch (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11759-024-09491-y #OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Archaeology #Archaeodons #Elephants #LowerPaleolithic #Paleolithic #HomoErectus #Academia #Academic #Academics @archaeodons

#TIL that we need 'negative leap seconds'.

#Climate #ClimateChange #Research #News #Physics #Engineering #Geophysics #InformationTechnology #IT #STEM #Technology #Tech #Science

"In this paper we examine multiple discrete emotions people experience in reaction to climate change, and assess the strength of these emotions as predictors of support for different types of mitigation and adaptation policies."

Myers TA, Roser-Renouf C, Leiserowitz A, Maibach E (2024) Emotional signatures of climate policy support. PLOS Climate 3(3): e0000381. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000381 #OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #PeerReview #DOI #Emotions #Climate #ClimateChange #Science #Politics #Policy #Academia #Academic #Academics @climatechange

"Can you be authentic if you lie about what you value, believe, or feel? This brief article explores this question and the unique stances on honesty that different notions of authenticity take."

Leuenberger, M. (2024) ‘The Authentic Liar’, Think, 23(67), pp. 27–30. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477175623000465 #OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Ethics #Philosophy #Academia #Academic #Academics @philosophy

"Here we combine genetic evidence and palaeoecological models to infer the geographic location that acted as the Hub for our species during the early phases of colonisation of Eurasia."

Vallini, L., Zampieri, C., Shoaee, M.J. et al. The Persian plateau served as hub for Homo sapiens after the main out of Africa dispersal. Nat Commun 15, 1882 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-46161-7 #OpenAccess #OA #Article #Research #DOI #Science #Archaeology #Archaeodons #Biology #Anthropology #BiologicalAnthropology #Genetics #Population #EvolutionaryGenetics #Palaeoclimate #Ancient #DNA #PopulationGenetics #Eurasia #Academia #Academic #Academics @archaeodons @anthropology @biology @science

"Coffee drinkers have much lower risk of bowel cancer recurrence, study finds" https://www.theguardian.com/society/2024/mar/23/coffee-drinkers-much-lower-risk-bowel-cancer-recurrence-study #News #BowelCancer #Coffee #Cancer #Health #MedicalResearch #Medicine #Food #Science #Research @science

#Image attribution: MarkSweep, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. Page URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roasted_coffee_beans.jpg