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"A record 10,000 research papers were retracted in 2023. To find out what’s driving this trend, Ian Sample speaks to Ivan Oransky, whose organisation Retraction Watch has been monitoring the growing numbers of retractions for more than a decade," theguardian.com/science/audio/ @science @podcasts

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

🇺🇸 🇬🇧 🇫🇷 "Leading up to the War of American Independence, a debate began in the Dutch Republic on how neutrality could be advantageously defined to promote commerce without becoming involved in wars of ‘entangling alliances'. The actors in this debate would produce arguments that were later adopted by members of George Washington’s cabinet."

Ariane Viktoria Fichtl (2024) Idea(s) of Dutch Neutrality in the American Debate on Neutral Rights (1793–1807), Global Intellectual History, DOI: doi.org/10.1080/23801883.2024. @histodon @histodons

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"We compare per capita ratios with an approach based on regression, a widely used statistical procedure that eliminates many of the problems with ratios and allows for straightforward data interpretation."

Kratochvíl Lukáš and Havlíček Jan. 2024 The fallacy of global comparisons based on per capita measures. R. Soc. Open Sci.11: 230832. 230832. doi.org/10.1098/rsos.230832 @science

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"In this way, La Marmotta is causing a literal sea change in our view of those first Neolithic farming groups. It was always difficult to understand how they could have travelled around all Mediterranean Europe. The Marmotta canoes are not only outstanding evidence of how they achieved that but also an example of the complexity of those societies from the viewpoint of their social and technical organisation."

Gibaja JF, Mineo M, Santos FJ, Morell B, Caruso-Fermé L, et al. (2024) The first Neolithic boats in the Mediterranean: The settlement of La Marmotta (Anguillara Sabazia, Lazio, Italy). PLOS ONE 19(3): e0299765. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0 @archaeodons @anthropology

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"This problem matters, researchers say, because the increasing use of AI to generate images will further exacerbate stereotypes. Although some users are generating AI images for fun, others are using them to populate websites or medical pamphlets. Critics say that this issue should be tackled now, before AI becomes entrenched." doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-006

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"Despite these advancements, the study finds that lexicography remains relevant, especially for less-documented languages where AI falls short, but human lexicographers excel in data-sparse environments. It argues for the importance of lexicography in promoting linguistic diversity and maintaining the integrity of lesser-known languages."

Lew, R. Dictionaries and lexicography in the AI era. Humanit Soc Sci Commun 11, 426 (2024). doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-028 @linguistics

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"Having mapped and reconstructed Hegel's conception of colonialism through his writings and lectures, the article argues that his account of Europe's modern colonial expansion is based primarily on economic considerations, rather than on civilizational assumptions proclaiming the spiritual superiority of European peoples—to which Hegel nevertheless subscribes."

Mascat, J.M.H. (2024) ‘Hegel, Colonialism and Postcolonial Hegelianism’, Hegel Bulletin, pp. 1–24. doi: doi.org/10.1017/hgl.2024.10. @philosophy

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

🇩🇪 "Using an inductive approach, we asked 987 German citizens to describe what being German means for them. A latent class analysis of content-coded responses revealed four classes: a heritage-based identity class with a strong focus on language and culture (39%), an ideology-based identity class that revolves around democracy, welfare, freedom, and economy and safety (19%), a legal-formalistic identity class that is mostly concerned with the legal requirement for obtaining and holding citizenship of national identity (26%), and a trait-based identity class describing personality-traits that are supposed to be typical for Germans (16%)."

Ditlmann, R. K., & Kopf-Beck, J. (2019). The Meaning of Being German: An Inductive Approach to National Identity. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 7(1), 423-447. doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v7i1.557 @psychology

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

🇩🇪 "Our results reveal individual households, lasting several generations, that consisted of a high-status core family and unrelated low-status individuals; a social organization accompanied by patrilocality and female exogamy; and the stability of this system over 700 years."

Alissa Mittnik et al., Kinship-based social inequality in Bronze Age Europe. Science 366, 731-734 (2019). DOI: doi.org/10.1126/science.aax621 @science @archaeodons

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"Our results show that presenting the success rate of previous raters works as an incentive to evaluate information more accurately, but that monetary bonuses provide the strongest increase in accuracy, and that only remuneration is associated with a greater use of external resources (e.g., search engines) that have been shown to meaningfully improve evaluation of new content."

Ronzani, P., Panizza, F., Morisseau, T., Mattavelli, S., & Martini, C. (2024). How different incentives reduce scientific misinformation online. Harvard Kennedy School (HKS) Misinformation Review. doi.org/10.37016/mr-2020-131 @science @psychology

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"The scientists found that, whatever the age of the participant, the most effective calculation strategies were associated with certain drawing typologies." unige.ch/medias/en/2024/le-des

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"In this paper, we conduct meta-research on deepfakes to visualize the evolution of these tools and paper publications. We also identify key authors, research institutions, and papers based on bibliometric data. Finally, we conduct a survey that tests the ability of participants to distinguish photos of real people from fake, AI-generated images of people. "

Pocol, A., Istead, L., Siu, S., Mokhtari, S., Kodeiri, S. (2024). Seeing is No Longer Believing: A Survey on the State of Deepfakes, AI-Generated Humans, and Other Nonveridical Media. In: Sheng, B., Bi, L., Kim, J., Magnenat-Thalmann, N., Thalmann, D. (eds) Advances in Computer Graphics. CGI 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14496. Springer, Cham. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-5007

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"The sample of DOIs included in the study was made up of a random selection of up to 1,000 registered to each member organization. Twenty-eight percent of these works — more than two million articles — did not appear in a major digital archive, despite having an active DOI." doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-006 @science

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"With its added translations from Arabic into Hebrew, the astrolabe closely recalls the recommendations prescribed by the Spanish Jewish polymath Abraham Ibn Ezra (1089–1167) in the earliest surviving treatise on the astrolabe in the Hebrew language written in 1146 precisely in Verona."

Gigante, F. (2024). A Medieval Islamic Astrolabe with Hebrew Inscriptions in Verona: The Seventeenth-Century Collection of Ludovico Moscardo. Nuncius 39, 1, 163-192, Available From: Brill doi.org/10.1163/18253911-bja10 [Accessed 04 March 2024] @science @medievodons

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"Put simply, these tools are not trustworthy for reporting facts. They may be the right tool for particular jobs, for example text-processing and organizing information. A person might use a generative AI tool to summarize some information or express some idea in history of mathematics."

Peter Rowlett (2024) Generative AI and accuracy in the history of mathematics, British Journal for the History of Mathematics, DOI: doi.org/10.1080/26375451.2024.

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"In 2023, the development of El Niño is poised to drive a global upsurge in surface air temperatures (SAT), potentially resulting in unprecedented warming worldwide."

Jiang, N., Zhu, C., Hu, ZZ. et al. Enhanced risk of record-breaking regional temperatures during the 2023–24 El Niño. Sci Rep 14, 2521 (2024). doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-528 @science @climatechange

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"Belief in conspiracy theories appears to be driven by motives that can be characterized as epistemic (understanding one’s environment), existential (being safe and in control of one’s environment), and social (maintaining a positive image of the self and the social group)."

Douglas, K. M., Sutton, R. M., & Cichocka, A. (2017). The Psychology of Conspiracy Theories. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 26(6), 538-542. doi.org/10.1177/09637214177182 @psychology

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"I argue that Dee was interested in Nunes’ work as early as 1552 (but probably even earlier). I also claim that Dee was aware of Nunes’ programme for the use of mathematics in studying physical phenomena and that this may have influenced his own views on the subject."

De Almeida, B.R.R. (2012) 'On the origins of Dee’s mathematical programme: The John Dee–Pedro Nunes connection,' Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 43(3), pp. 460–469. doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2011.1. @earlymodern @science

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"With stronger freshwater anomalies, our results indicate an increase in the risk of warm, dry European summers and of heat waves and droughts accordingly."

Oltmanns, M., Holliday, N. P., Screen, J., Moat, B. I., Josey, S. A., Evans, D. G., and Bacon, S.: European summer weather linked to North Atlantic freshwater anomalies in preceding years, Weather Clim. Dynam., 5, 109–132, doi.org/10.5194/wcd-5-109-2024, 2024. @science @climatechange

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"We conducted a large-scale survey of 11,050 researchers and found that researchers on average rated themselves as better than other researchers at following good research practice, and rated researchers in their field as better than researchers in other fields at following good research practice. Given that it is statistically impossible for the majority of a group to be better than the group median, our results suggest that researchers on average have inflated beliefs about their own research ethicality and the research ethicality of their field."

Lindkvist, A.M., Koppel, L. & Tinghög, G. Bounded research ethicality: researchers rate themselves and their field as better than others at following good research practice. Sci Rep 14, 3050 (2024). doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-534 @psychology @science

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