There is an ongoing debate in about whether to treat with L-T4 alone or a combination therapy with L-T4 and L-T3. But what about patients’ preferences? The majority would choose the combination therapy, as shown in a meta-analysis.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/392901

Einladung zur 3. Endokrinologischen Abendsprechstunde: Up-to-date Schilddrüse 2025

Von der über und bis zur Arbeit einer Selbsthilfegruppe in der

sci.events/e_180/uptodatesd25/

Patients with , even when treated with levothyroxine (L-T4), face increased risk of and . Fortunately, the risk can be lowered again by a combination therapy with L-T4 and L-T3, as shown by a recent study.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/405791

doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaf367

, i.e. persistent symptoms and reduced despite normal concentration, affects 10% of patients on . Careful, multimodal and personalised treatment can result in significantly improved outcomes.

doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-368

For the diagnosis and management of , measuring (thyrotropin) concentration is necessary, but it isn’t sufficient. Additional help to improve diagnostic power and to identify of dysregulation.

doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-368

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) goes along with secondary . Our group was the first to describe this. The mechanism leading to is unclear, but it may contribute to the loss of bone substance in .

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/307479

doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000

The interaction of three hormones, , and , lays the foundation for and its responses.

It is necessary to forgo a univariable sight and to consider the evolution of the multihormonal working point to understand health and disease.

doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-368

Multiple feedforward motifs and feedback loops maintain and . The mechanism of relational stability maintains T3 in a balanced and safe range, even in conditions of declining thyroid function.

doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-368

Signalling via hormones is more than T3 and T4. It involves 27 molecules based on the thyronine skeleton, 10 transmembrane transporters, 3 deiodinases, 6 receptors, and 4 types of action, unfolding a complex firework of possibilities, explaining health and disease.

doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-368

Relational stability is a major motif of the intertwined feedback loops of . The integrated systemic roles and interdependent homeostatically regulated equilibrium of TSH, FT4 and ​s maintains appropriate FT3 concentrations.

doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-368

Our eBook on has been published. The new cybernetic theory presented here summarises our scientific work of more than 20 years and lays the foundation for improved diagnosis and therapy of disorders.

The book is available in EPUB and PDF formats.

doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-368

Eine ist eine gefürchtete Komplikation eines mellitus. Weniger bekannt ist, dass auch andere endokrine Erkrankungen zu einer Ketoazidose führen können. In unserem neuesten Paper stellen wir eine besondere Ursache vor.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/403889
doi.org/10.1055/a-2540-9824

hormones play a pivotal role in and the attunement to hot and cold ​s. Recent research found global patterns of variants in the UCP1 and UCP3 genes and -GD (step-up activity), suggesting integrated adaptation.

doi.org/10.3390/biology1405045

Interestingly, both subclinical and predict . The free thyroxine (FT4) concentration is more associated with the HR for cardiovascular events than thyrotropin (TSH) levels. Our observations yield an integrated model including psychosocial and somatic mechanisms.

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hormones profoundly impact the system. They act at all levels, ranging from the tier of ion currents over cellular processes to the macroscopic levels of myocardial tissue and even the whole organism.

doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.9429

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/360461

The system is sensitive to hormones. Even mild deviations of the free concentration from a (probably individual) optimum confer a significantly increased risk for (major adverse cardiovascular events).

doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.9429

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/360461

Medical treatment of , i.e. due to overproduction of hormone, remains a challenge. We developed a new dosage methodology based on model predictive control (MPC), which is faster and more stable than the usual trial-and-error approach. doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.

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