ᛕᎥᕼᗷᗴᖇᑎᗴ丅Ꭵᑕᔕ @Kihbernetics@qoto.org

The next logical direction for #AI evolution should be to implement a new reward system that lets them be wrong and enables their #curiosity:

>"As the agent learns, its #prediction_model becomes less and less wrong so that the #reward signal decreases, and the agent must explore other, more surprising situations in order to maximize the reward signal."

https://www.quantamagazine.org/clever-machines-learn-how-to-be-curious-20170919/

According to #HvFoerster, the *integrated functional circuit* for #cognition requires these three faculties:

1️⃣ #Perception - without which the system cannot detect and internally represent environmental regularities,
2️⃣ #Memory - without which the system has only throughput (cannot learn)
3️⃣ #Prediction - or the faculty of drawing #inferences, without which *perception degenerates into #sensation and memory into #recording*.

*Understanding Understanding: Essays on Cybernetics and Cognition* - pp 105-106

"The word “#heuristic” was invoked all through the summer of 1956. Instead of trying to analyze the brain to develop #machine_intelligence, some participants focused on the operational steps needed to solve a given problem."

https://spectrum.ieee.org/dartmouth-ai-workshop

Producing electricity while protecting your crops from extreme weather. Brilliant!

>The citron of Calabria in southern Italy had almost died out from extreme weather and lack of economic value. But growing the crop under a canopy of solar panels has given the fruit a new lease of life – with lessons for many climate-stressed crops.

https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20230424-how-agrivoltaics-helped-save-italys-citron-and-lemon-trees

Philosopher **Mary Brenda Hesse**
>considered the use of #metaphors and #analogies in scientific models.
Instead of obsessing over the justification of scientific knowledge, she highlighted the need to think about its generation. How do scientists develop their ideas about the world and come to discover new things?
The cognitive power of metaphors, in her view, resided in their *capacity to create similarity*. The use of metaphors is **an act of co-creating, not discovering, similarities between a metaphor and its physical target system**. Such an act of metaphorical co-creation is inevitably shaped by cultural context.

https://aeon.co/essays/why-are-women-philosophers-often-erased-from-collective-memory

Ruskin defines:

>#Science = The #knowledge of things whether Ideal or Substantial.
#Art = The #modification of Substantial things by our #Substantial Power.
#Literature = The #modification of Ideal things by our #Ideal Power.

https://openlibrary.org/books/OL6715877M/The_eagle%27s_nest.

The whole argument of *AI-generated art* discussed in the article below is moot. Whatever it is that #AI generates it certainly isn't #art.

>"In science you must not talk before you know. In art you must not talk before you do. In literature you must not talk before you think."
Ruskin - The Eagle's Nest (1872)

AI is not "doing" #science or #art or #literature. AI is just talking.

https://spectrum.ieee.org/ai-art-generator

>We can work better under the assumption that there is no such thing as #AI. The sooner we understand this, the sooner we’ll start managing our new #technology intelligently.

Jaron Lanier

https://www.newyorker.com/science/annals-of-artificial-intelligence/there-is-no-ai

Paraphrased #HH_Pattee from the same source:

This "#error_duality" (error in the #descriptions or error in the #operation) can be identified at all organizational levels:

➡️ Computer programs may have either an error in the program itself (#software error) or an error may happen because of the machine (#hardware error) that executes an otherwise correct program.

➡️ At higher levels it is possible to make an error in the choice of algorithm which is being programmed or even make a mistake in the choice of problem that the developed algorithm is supposed to solve.

➡️ Similarly in social and political organizations we distinguish between a faulty policy and the failure to execute a policy properly.

In other words, we try to distinguish between the ***error in our #models*** of reality which leads to incorrect policies (#predictions and descriptions), and the ***error in #control #constraints*** which leads to a failure of a (good) policy implementation.

Biological physicist #HH_Pattee on the futility of the attempts to create artificial #intelligence by reverse engineering #language.

>"No amount of #semiotic information, thought, or discourse alone can cause the body to move. It takes some #physics. As Waddington has pointed out, the first function of #language was to cause #actions, not to make #statements."

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12304-009-9061-5

#LLMs #AGI #AI

According to #HH_Pattee there are
>“two meanings for #machine and two meanings for #failure”:

>“By the *machinery of nature* we mean the failure-proof #laws that we assume underlie the predictable behavior of matter. When we find certain types of #natural events unpredictable we assume that our description or theory of these events are failures, but not the events themselves.”

>On the other hand, while we assume that the #rules of arithmetic are not subject to failure, it is clear that a physical machine #designed to execute these rules may fail all too often.”

https://www.academia.edu/863887/The_role_of_instabilities_in_the_evolution_of_control_hierarchies

#LLMs, as their name suggests, are bound to the domain of #language, and are not able to #learn from other types of interaction, such as (physical) #sensation or show #emotion. They have no #agency except for answering user prompts to the best of their (large and static) #knowledge.

There is no point in debating if they have #intelligence or not until they are given the capability to ask #questions (generate their own prompts) that may mean they can show "#curiosity" about other aspects of the topic at hand that is clearly aimed to update their current knowledge, which may thereupon shed some light on their "#intentions".

Also from Stanford & Google:

#AI Index Report 2023

https://aiindex.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/HAI_AI-Index-Report_2023.pdf

#Language and #Math are arbitrary mutually agreed constructs used for #communication.

Different constructs can be used to describe the *same* #reality.

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/a-number-system-invented-by-inuit-schoolchildren-will-make-its-silicon-valley-debut/

>In this paper, we introduce generative agents - computational software agents that simulate believable human behavior.
Generative agents wake up, cook breakfast, and head to work; artists paint, while authors write; they form opinions, notice each other, and initiate conversations; they remember and reflect on days past as they plan the next day.

Except for the fact that all those activities should been in parentesis (they don't really "cook breakfast", "paint" or "write") an interesting study of #emergent #behavior based solely on #language.

Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behavior

https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.03442v1.pdf

>Behaviour science, evolutionary developmental #biology and the field of #machine #intelligence all seek to understand the scaling of biological #cognition: what enables individual cells to integrate their activities to result in the #emergence of a novel, higher-level intelligence with large-scale #goals and*competencies that belong to it and not to its parts*?

**The scaling of goals from cellular to anatomical #homeostasis: an #evolutionary #simulation, experiment and analysis**

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsfs.2022.0072

>"The American elite thought that Asians, when they became middle-class, would then be like them, and are disappointed when they are not."

https://www.noemamag.com/refreshing-western-liberalism/

This is actually not true. Asian #elite is very similar to the American or any other of the global world 1% elites.

All #elite regardless of its origin: #hereditary, #economic or #political has these two things in common:
1⃣ They want to preserve the elitist position for themselves and their families, and
2⃣ They really don't care about anything else.

Just discovered there is an interesting etymological link between the words #Stance and #System by which a ***system*** may be defined as "*having the same stance*" or "*standing together*"

***Stance***
>"comes from the Italian "*stanza*" which means stopping place (*like a room within the house*). Your stance is something that's not likely to change. You have stopped there, your decision is made. You're done."

https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/stance

Origin:
>***stā-***, Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to stand, set down, make or be firm," with derivatives meaning "place or thing that is standing."

e.g. Afghanistan - the place of the Afghani peoples, and in

>Greek ***histēmi*** "put, place, cause to stand; weigh,"

https://www.etymonline.com/word/stance

***System***

>Greek ***systema*** "organized whole, a whole compounded of parts," from stem of *synistanai* "to place together, organize, form in order," from syn- "together" (see syn-) + root of histanai "cause to stand," from PIE root *sta- "to stand, make or be firm."

https://www.etymonline.com/word/system

The #Rythm of #Life is in the #Recursion process where #Information is generated when:
>"our rhythmic #expectations are violated, (*and*) our brains behave in a different manner because of our inherent (*innate*) internal sense of rhythm."

https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/the-extraordinary-ways-rhythm-shapes-our-lives/

#Learning is #Playing

>“If you’re not having a good time, you’re really not learning”
Really what kids need to learn, they told us, are the “***6 C’s***”: #collaboration, #communication, #content, #critical_thinking, #creative_innovation, and #confidence. Play and the arts, based on their research, build the 6 C’s

https://nautil.us/to-supercharge-learning-look-to-play-292946/